I think this is a common area for bassists to get pain: it's a group of tendons for your fingers. Try holding your left hand out as if you were going to play piano, and bend each finger downward one by one as if striking piano keys: If you watch the back of your hand, you can see them moving. Now try doing the same thing but with your wrist bent as far as you can, and see if you feel pain when you move some of the fingers.
The most likely cause of this is probably fretting with a severely bent wrist, which stretches and strains those tendons. I suggest you take a a good look at your left-hand technique and see if that might be the problem. This much-posted video might be helpful (it sure helped me!):