Hi @Cam Buchanan
Welcome to talkbass.com
Typically octave likes to see the unmodified bass signal. Some light compression before octave can work too.
Compression, fuzz, and filter are all dynamic effects. This means the intensity of the effect depends on how pronounced the attack is. Unfortunately, they also alter the dynamics of your signal. So they sometime will not interact well. For example compressing the signal before the filter may cause the filter to always be open. This is probably not the sound you are looking for. Fuzz also tends to compress the signal quite a bit. So compression after fuzz may choke the fuzz too much. Compression before fuzz may cause the fuzz to lack dynamics, causing it to lack responsiveness. This may be desirable, or not.
In general, if you plan to use the effects together, you will need to work on getting a little out of each to get the desired sound. Unfortunately, the settings may be underwhelming when used alone.
Generally speaking, I think octave, then fuzz, then filter is probably a good place to start. Another option would be to switch fuzz an filter. The later setup works well on guitar, but not so much on bass IMO.
In either case I would put the chorus, (not a dynamic effect BTW), at the end.
Now for the compressor:
I am a huge fan of compressors and own several. I have two on my board now. One is at the beginning of the signal. It is set for light compression. The result is a sort of fattening of the sound, but it still has a great deal of dynamics. The one at the end, (after dirt, but before chorus), is set for a more obvious kick-drum-like dynamic effect. It sounds great with my overdrive, chorus, etc., but not so good with my fuzz.
Given that you have one compressor, I recommend you think about how you want to use it. If you want heavy compression, put it after your other dynamic effects. You may want to turn it off before activating fuzz or the filter. If you are looking for a mild fattening effect, set it up for very dynamic response and put it at the beginning of the effect chain.