You have got it backwards. The fx loop will do what it does. Woe betide the signal that hits a pedal that can't work with 10x the voltage it's expecting.
I’ve heard interviews with both Dave Friedman and John Suhr who build some of best sounding amps around talk about how not all effects loop circuits are designed well and how poor designs can have a negative effect on the tone. Granted they primarily build guitar amps not bass but good tone / design principles apply to either. Friedman designs rigs for a lot top tier bands so he knows what he’s talking about.
And here’s signal flow from Strymon Engineering Setting Up Your Effect Signal Chain - Strymon
describing how some pedals can benefit from being used in an FX Loop or can be used either way user preference.
Pedal designs can vary greatly. There are a lot than can take a wide range of signals just fine. There are some , vintage in particular that are really finicky like germanium fuzzes so depends on the specific gear.
I’ve personally tried different pedals in front and in FX loops and you get different results either way. I don’t think the signal coming out of most FX loop is 10x the level coming out of a bass. At least it has never seemed that great of a difference in any of my experiences. I’m not an amp designer though so I can say that with certainty. It just has seemed that great of a difference in anything I’ve tried.