I'm still not exactly sure how the KM86 functions in order to get the different polar patterns, and why, even at close proximity, the lows are stronger in omni and figure-8 than cardioid. I guess I don't really need to know these things unless I'm designing a microphone, though.
It's an interesting thing and it does defy the norm. I just found this page which offers some explanation, it seems they went to a lot of design trouble to make the cardioid pattern practically immune to the proximity effect, but in a totally different way than other mics do this (using either venting like an EV RE-20 "continuously variable-D" or EQ circuits to balance it out).
Neumann Model KM 86
It's over my pay grade, but the "crossed slit" as an alternative to conventional round holes in the backplate, and the greater than usual physical separation of the two capsules seem to be the unusual features that relate to this.