Gonna chime in late in the game.
I have this one currently (with the stereo and depth switch addons), it's amazing. The Boss CH-1 can't even compare to it. On the cheaper side, you could get the Mini Chorus with the fixed deep setting. (it's what I leave mine on when playing a bass through it) Still expensive, but I would suspect that you could find a used one for a bit cheaper.
I had one of these before the Analogman, it's a great sounding chorus on the cheap for bass! But lately, I have been upgrading my board so that it can handle both bass and guitar (yes... I know...

) so I have been purchasing pedals that sound great for both.
Actually I think that flanger sounds great on bass, and if you run a overdrive/distortion/fuzz before it, it can get really swooshy and cool. Same with a phaser, but it sounds more funky IMO.
I have had up to 16 pedals on my board at once, all mixed bypass systems (TBP, buffered, relayed) and never had a problem hearing my bass. Sure, it sounded a
little different from bass -> amp, but it wasn't much.
That really depends on how you play. An envelope filter can sound like a wah that is sweeping on every note, or a wah that is set at a certain position (turn the sensitivity all the way down, and play with the frequency/Q control), but cannot sweep over a long chain of notes like a wah/auto wah pedal can. An auto-wah can sweep over a long or short chain of notes (depending on the LFO speed), but cannot sweep each and every note like an envelope filter (like if there are a lot of pauses between notes), and cannot be placed in one position (the half-cocked wah tone) like a wah pedal can.
I have both envelope filters, and a wah pedal on my board. (currently selling/trading off the old envelope filters to get a new one... but that's another story) I use them for very different things. The wah sounds amazing placed after an OD or before a fuzz (IMO of course!) and is cool to use set at a certain position. (instead of sweeping it) I use the envelope filters before the od/fuzz and they sound great there. I use them for faster played lines to make the notes stand out. They both have their purposes, and it is always a nice change of pace to sweep the wah pedal instead of just standing in front of your board all day.
That really depends on the phaser. There are some phasers out there that can handle bass frequencies better than others. I had an EHX small stone phaser a while back, and I loved how it sounded on bass, especially with the color switch up. (actually, I may jusy buy one again at some point...) I tried my bass through a vintage MXR Script Phase 90 (not the reissue one, but the old battery-only BUD box "coveted" pedal) and I couldn't hear any phasing at all, even at maximum rate settings. All it did was give me a small volume drop, and suck out some of my tone. I know that a few members on here have run through TONS of phasers, definitely worth a look-see!
It's not redundant if they give you different sounds. I don't think that the VT Bass can boost and cut across 7 frequencies, and the Boss EQ can't sound like a Flip Top/SVT. As for making room for more effects, it's always easier to just get a bigger board.
As for effects that have not been mentioned, fuzz, delay, and octave pedals are quite fun and very usable in band situations. My favorite fuzz right now is tied between my EHX Big Muff, and my Malekko B:Assmaster. I have an MXR carbon copy delay, but I really like the EHX SMM w/ Hazarai and EHX DMM as well. As for octave pedals, there's two routes to go: analog or digital. The big contenders out there right now are the EBS octabass, Boss OC-2/OC-3, EHX micro POG/POG/HOG, and Foxrox Octron. All definitely worth a look/listen.