Came in to say this. The SC has a more aggressive, spikey attack, the split coil a smoother attack. Plus, the SC is reading the strings at the exact same harmonic spot (usually 27 5/16" from the nut), the split coil is reading two different spots for the EA and DG (one coil around 28" from the nut, the other 29" from the nut).To my ears the SC is wider sounding with bigger lows an slightly extended highs, and the Split Coil has a bit more low mids and midrange complexity, with more punch.
Much closer. The larger, single poles is a big part of the tonality. Just like on the Stingray, those large, single poles give it the attack. Once you put the string in between two offset poles, as in a J pickup, the attack is subdued-like a limiter of sorts.So if I ran a jazz pickup with large pole pieces like say, a Delano, would that sound close to the '51 P pickup sound?
Another couple things to consider: a J pickup is reading a straight line across all the strings, like a SCPB. Also, the neck pickup of a J is usually 27 3/4" from the nut. That's not too far off from where the SCPB pickup is located, as mentioned above.
My 97 US J Deluxe (with the Suhr pickups) has a more spiky, aggressive attack from it's larger, single pole pieces. The neck pickup is 27 7/8" from the nut. That's certainly moved more towards the bridge relative to a SCPB, but it still gets that general vibe.