OK. Electricity always follows the path of least resistance, and it always wants to go to ground. The purpose of the shielding and grounding in your bass is to gather up as much airborne electrical noise(humming, radio signals, etc.) as possible. Not to actually block the noise, but rather, gather it up like an antenna. All the metal parts in the bass become this antenna, which is connected to ground. The noise becomes an electric current once it hits metal. Since the metal is all connected to ground(-), the current goes there instead of into your pickups/pots, because going straight to ground is easier. It gets to ground because the sleeve(-) of your guitar cable is actually connected to the 3rd prong on your amp's power cord, which is of course connected to ground.
That's why you will often notice more noise if you eliminate the 3rd prong with an adapter plug- the noise now has nowhere to go, so your onboard circuits pick it up instead, and send it right to your amp.