I don't think it matters about the position of the tuning machines. That picture you posted is helpful though, it seems like you have the aluminum posts already. The part where you can see the end of the post sticking through the scroll cheek looks to be a silver/grey color. That's aluminum. Brass posts would be brass colored, like the rest of the tuner.
I hate to be pessimistic about your idea, but I don't think you'll find a drop in replacement for the Sloanes. For the tuners to work without binding, you'll need them to fit well into the holes in the pegbox. Different tuners have different post sizes, and most (including the Rubners I mentioned) are tapered. The Sloanes aren't, I'd guess for ease of installation. There just isn't the kind of standardization that electric bass tuners have. Maybe you could have a new set of posts made for the Rubner hat-peg tuners with the right size non-tapered shafts, but that's getting into more trouble than it sounds like you're looking for.
My lightweight travel bass has the Sloanes, and the balance is a bit different than some other basses, but I got used to it. You might find you could too, I think I'd give it some time. Maybe it bothers you too much. But on the other hand, having tuners that haven't been really properly fit and start binding or not tuning smoothly (I have experience with this too, on another bass) is even worse.