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Replacing the bridge on an acoustic bass

Glue is what is used to attach bridges to acoustic guitars. Martin, Gibson, et al have been doing it that way since the eighteenth century. Mechanical fasteners do not have the strength to do the job.

Yes, but the glue bond between the bridge and top is not what supports the string tension. The strings are typically anchored on the bridge plate below the top.

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Steel string acoustic guitars use through hole string mounting, with the strings anchored below the bridge plate. Bridge pins keep the ball end of the string securely in position against the bottom of the bridge plate.

Steel string acoustic bass guitars may use top mounting as the heavier strings don't yield as well to the break angles required with through hole mounting. In this case bolts are used to withstand the string tension.

The plywood top itself is not the cause of failure. Many lower cost guitars had plywood tops, including some of Martin's Sigma models.

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That is a very poor design, its a plywood wood top, and the string tension is pulling the bridge itself instead of the bridge plate under the sound board.
No kidding! 6 bass strings of tension onto a piece with nothing but a glue joint for security? And it's not even the bridge-to-top glue joint, but the glue in the plywood layers as well. Wow.

And did I mention - wow?!
 
We used to get almost ready to fly r/c airplanes from China and the first order of business was to re glue all existing glue joints possible. Glue was spotty and inconsistent and just enough to keep the structure from warping when the covering was shrunk into pace. Fine for shipping and assembly by the buyer, but stress it just a tad and it would fold like a cheap suit. The fix was tedious but simple, get a bottle of thin CA and a long capillary tube and get busy. I'm pretty sure the top in the picture is plywood and I've seen plywood from china that looks like several thick layers of veneer bonded with laundry starch. Not trying to knock anything here, just relating some of my personal experience with Chinese wood products.

That said, I've seen some of the hands down best prebuilt r/c airplanes in the business, also made in China, often from the same manufacturer who produced the marginal potential kindling and called it a model airplane. They would be marketed under different names of course, and most of the really good stuff was usually private label built to the personal specs of the US or European importer. They are capable of building to as high (or low) a level of quality as you are willing to pay for. In short, their low cost stuff is low cost crap for the most part, but if you are wiling to pay a reasonable price you can get a lot of bang for your buck.
 
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When that replacement instrument arrives, it is likely to develop the same problem. Might be worth a shot to add a wood plate under the bridge inside the body, then drill through the bridge and screw the bridge down to the additional plate. Not a nice thing to do to an instrument, but this is never going to be much other than a practice piece...and that just might keep it stuck together.
 
Do you guys think it would make sense to reinforce the bridge of my new one by drilling some longer screws into it from the outside? Or in any other way?
no, because chances are the replacement will have the bridge in the wrong place just like the first one did!

remember your initial problem, that it was all out of tune?

your best bet is to get your money back entirely and don't buy that brand anymore.
 
You're good dude. Get a steel plate at least 1/8 inch thick and put it under the body. Don't use the wood screws that come with the body, use machine screws instead. Feed them into the bridge, body, plate, and hex nut them at the end. The plate will redistribute the weight enough to put on an adjustable steel bridge. And to all who disagree, I've done this no problem multiple times. I am an experienced luthier and I say go for it :)