Well on the piano it is all on a straight line; not in a box pattern, however, the spelling for what you need would be helpful.
C major scale is all white keys.
On the G major scale you have to flat the seven with a black key. You will need to know which sharps and flats will be in the scale you need to play. Normally we do not mix sharps and flats together, so it's not rocket science, but on piano you will have to know when to sharp and when to flat - depending on which scale you will be using.
Standard notation, in the key signature tells you how many sharps or flats this key will use, however, takes for granted you know which note to sharp or flat. Different set of "rules" and with piano, IMO, we step off into "real theory", it's complicated....
