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Strengthening Pinky Finger- Resources, Practice Techniques?

I used an exercise that another bassist taught me, and it worked for me. It's 4 finger fretting diagonally up and down the neck. Starting on the E string on a 4 string do F F# G G# then move 1 fret up on the A string do B B# C C# and so on up the D and G string. Then reverse it and come back down to the F on the E string. I kept doing it and got faster and faster. You can do the same type of pattern on a 5 or 6 string. Now my pinky is as strong as my other fingers.
 
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As with most things bass related, the answer is what we all already know, deep down. More practice.

Just make yourself use your pinky. Practice scales, songs, whatever keeps your interest. Just keep using it, and it will get where you want.

It is tempting to look at someone like Rocco Prestia and say that "he didn't use his pinky much, so I don't have to". Maybe that is the case, but if it were, you probably wouldn't be asking on here. Most of us mere mortals need to do things the "right" way, at least until we (hopefully) get good enough to find our own way that works better.
 
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Drink tea.
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With due respect, I disagree totally with all the above. The pinky has relatively fragile tendons, ligaments, and muscles. But to smoothly play all sorts of intervals, motifs, etc., it is absolutely necessary. You can injure your pinky irreparably overdoing it or exercising it wrong. The proper way to strengthen the pinky is to take lessons from a qualified double bass teacher using the Simandl method of bass playing. The Simandl method uses the 1st, 2nd, and 4th (pinky) fingers in positions up and down the neck on all strings. The teacher will help you with proper left-hand position and curvature of the fingers to improve fretting technique and strengthen the fingers including the pinky without risk of injury. I repeat: get a good, qualified double bass teacher of the Simandl method.
 
and being tuned to drop C, my hand is usually perpendicular to the fretboard, as opposed to the traditional position, where octaves have a little further reach.

I've no real suggestion other than the painfully obvious "any exercise will do provided it exercises the parts that need the exercise."

That said, I think it would help if you could clarify what you mean by 'Drop C'. As I understand it, Drop C is C, A, D, G, so the octave 'pattern' between the lower 2 strings is a 3-fret reach, and playing any type of scale over those two strings is impossible without at least couple of shifts. As such, you will need to adapt pretty much all of the advice given thus far - you may well be somewhat on your own as far as devising specific exercises goes.
 
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Steve Bailey's Hazard Drill is probably the best thing I got out of the short time I took bass lessons. It helps build finger strength and independence, I can't recommend it enough.

I know it’s SB here, and I’m just some dude from the internet, but I find this exercise to be potentially dangerous, and also not super musical. You can gain all the technique you’d ever need from practicing your repertoire and scales, arpeggios, and more musically useful sequences.
 
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I find this exercise to be potentially dangerous
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Totally agree, and SB almost admits as much at 05:24: "... it gets more painful ..." The most significant risks for me lie in those retained 1st and 2nd finger stops. IME there is nothing to be gained from keeping fingers stretched out stopping notes that are not being played - all they do is complicate the right hand by creating additional and avoidable muting challenges!