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super low freq

When he hits the lowest note at the sole 128' stop it sounds JUST like the fishing boat a few pages back...

And you can hear "when he turns off the heavy bass" that the rest of the chords sounds like clear, and when he kicks it in again the chords turns out tremulating and vibrating like a fast pumping compressor. Mind you still, the audio of YT is still no lower than 20 Hz. If even that.
 
The wavelength have to develop in its entirety because it is - inside a building - just reflecting to the back wall and then hits back on you, and mixes up with the rest of the frequencies from the instrument, or other organ pipes. You'll hear, at best half, of it.It sure gets heard at shorter instances, but definitely not as a clean fundamental.
That's partially true. If you're listening to multiple instruments you are getting the sum of all the waves bouncing around at approximately 1000 ft/sec. However that will occur all over the room and the interference is different at different points in the room. There is no magic distance where you will hear the fundamental produced by any instrument at any frequency in that scenario. The wave is actually going to be heard most clearly right at it's source where it is at it's peak volume and all other the other random waves have started to decay. That "tone" may be somewhat different due to the interaction with other waves in the room. It doesn't change the fact that an audio wave is completely audible right at its source. Not some fraction or multiple of a wavelength away
 
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He hasn't understood yet that you need to stand 17 meters from the source before you're able to even FEEL it, let alone hear it, if ever. The "brown note" Mythbuster video above is seriously flawed because you can't detect, feel, or hear that low note so close, you have to stand 59 feet away... and that is at least.

There are plenty of difficulties in producing extremely low frequencies, but this is not one of them.

The idea that you have to be "a full wavelength away" is completely false.

If this was true, headphones would have absolutely no low end at all. Earbuds would have, I guess, even less ;)

We detect sound by sensing the rise and fall, the peaks and valleys, of the waveform as it hits our ears, not by somehow capturing a complete waveform cycle. It's the same way that a phonograph needle works. It tracks the up and down fluctuations in the groove as it moves past; it doesn't need to "see" the entire waveform in order to produce a signal.

Our ears track amplitude modulation, then our brain translates that information into frequency perception. Our ears do not capture frequency directly.
 
There is no magic distance where you will hear the fundamental produced by any instrument at any frequency in that scenario.
Oh dear. That was a first. I've always got complaints from any audience back at the hall, venue, small club, that the bass was too loud through the entire gig, while me on stage half a meter from my Ampeg SVT with 8x10 can only hear just a thump, and no fundamentals.... Just move in front of your 8x10 at a greater distance with a long wire and/or wireless and see if you detect "new" frequencies as you move along...;)

Now let's place all FOH engineers in front of the stage behind the safety fences at any gig then, see how good sound he would produce. Ever asked yourself why the mixing desk and FOH is placed out way back in the audience, not even halfway?

Go figure.

In that case, such low frequencies as explained in the pipe organ video above, JUST SHAKES THINGS UP, before you'll even start to hear any fundamental at all. But as the loudness of every physical things are shaking at a louder volume before you'll hear anything it is futile. There's not much discerning between notes either, since it just rumbles, if your bass string is out of tune withine 2-3 Hz wouldn't make sense, since no one can hear difference between herzes down so low, and especially under 20 Hz where you just hear "fishing boat" pulses, no one can hear if you play in tune anyway, and you could as well be playing 18hz instead of 16 and the "fishing boat" pulses will just beat a little faster.
 
Oh dear. That was a first. I've always got complaints from any audience back at the hall, venue, small club, that the bass was too loud through the entire gig, while me on stage half a meter from my Ampeg SVT with 8x10 can only hear just a thump, and no fundamentals.... Just move in front of your 8x10 at a greater distance with a long wire and/or wireless and see if you detect "new" frequencies as you move along...;)

Most speaker cabinets don't have 180 degree dispersion patterns. If you lifted your 8x10 up to ear level, at half a meter, you'd hear it just fine. I guarantee it.

Now let's place all FOH engineers in front of the stage behind the safety fences at any gig then, see how good sound he would produce. Ever asked yourself why the mixing desk and FOH is placed out way back in the audience, not even halfway?

Whether you're talking old school PA systems sitting on the ground or modern line arrays that are flown above the stage, the low-, mid-, and high-range components of the system are separate, and there's quite a bit of distance from top to bottom (or side to side). And again, dispersion patterns are not 180 degrees. You have to have some distance so that you can hear ALL the components equally.

Also, the FOH engineer needs to have an idea of how the system sounds in the acoustics of the venue. If it weren't for this aspect of live sound engineering, you could pretty much establish a mix in rehearsal sessions, then go on tour and never again touch a channel fader or EQ knob.

Note that venue acoustics change quite a bit from being empty to being full of people - you can get in the ballpark at soundcheck, but the FOH engineer is going to still be doing quite a bit once the show starts.

Also, the FOH control area includes visual effects control - lighting, video, lasers, smoke, whatever. Gotta be able to see the show if you're going to make it look good.

Finally, the FOH control area is usually placed far enough back that it doesn't block too much of the view. People come to see the band, not the sound and lighting engineers.

In that case, such low frequencies as explained in the pipe organ video above, JUST SHAKES THINGS UP, before you'll even start to hear any fundamental at all. But as the loudness of every physical things are shaking at a louder volume before you'll hear anything it is futile. There's not much discerning between notes either, since it just rumbles, if your bass string is out of tune withine 2-3 Hz wouldn't make sense, since no one can hear difference between herzes down so low, and especially under 20 Hz where you just hear "fishing boat" pulses, no one can hear if you play in tune anyway, and you could as well be playing 18hz instead of 16 and the "fishing boat" pulses will just beat a little faster.

It has nothing to do with distance from the speaker system, but it is true that the frequencies down towards the limits of human hearing are more felt than heard. This is not to say that there's no point in having speaker systems that go very low. The point is that you'll find that you really need to have a well-integrated system that produces the full frequency range for pitch to be discernable. Those low-low frequencies, all by themselves, aren't really all that impressive.

I once built a 12 cubic foot (340 litres) subwoofer cabinet for an Eminence Kilomax 18. Hooked it up with a Crest CA9 and a Modulus 5 string . The low end was good, completely distortion free, but it didn't really seem as loud or defined as I thought it might be. Then I noticed that I could play a low B and the walls throughout my 1800 square foot house were flexing back and forth about 6-8mm. The sub was working just fine, but all by itself it's just not a musical thing. Combined with the rest of a good full-range system it's great.

A couple more things - you'll get a lot of people who'll tell you "there's nothing but mud down there, don't bother, causes nothing but problems" , etc., etc...... A sound system need to be well designed to sound good. I think a lot of systems are poorly designed, producing very uneven frequency response that results in a lack of low end definition. Also, very few venues are well-designed for high quality audio, so even if you've got a pretty good sound system you're fighting a losing battle against reflections, standing waves, etc.... the low frequencies themselves are not actually the problem, but the easiest solution that results in decently enjoyable audio for the audience is to cut those low-low frequencies. Kinda like cutting off a toe that has gangrene.

If you really want to do this, and you've got the resources, I'd suggest you contact some of the venues that you might be playing in and ask if you could rent the place for a little while during non-business hours to do some sound testing. Also rent whatever equipment you may need to make sure you're not coming up short there. Depending on venue size, 4 or 8 or 12 QSC KW181s would eliminate any question of low end system strength. You can look at stuff on paper all you want, but you really ought to try some stuff out in the environments which you will face.

Finally, I have found that super low frequencies definitely do need to be in tune. You can't necessarily discern the specific frequency of super low content by itself, but you can definitely hear when the lows are not in tune with the rest of the audio. Out of tune and it'll waver just like when you're tuning to pitch, and within a musical context it'll just sound like a mess.
 
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How can a 8hz-95hz +-3db response has 34dbSPL difference between 10hz and 80hz ?

Can someone explain it to me ?
The Sub has a switchable high pass filter and Bag End's "Infra integrator".
The maximum acoustic output is probably dependent on which high pass filter is selected.
Bag End Infra processing uses something like a Linkwitz transform (12dB/octave boost) to maintain a "flatter" response (by boosting lower frequencies).
Selecting a higher high pass filter probably affects the Infra processing and input level to the poweramp.
So if the @95Hz high pass filter is selected, the signal going into the amp may be higher than if the @8Hz high pass filter is selected.

A limiter may kick in at lower levels for lower frequencies since they are being boosted by the Infra processing.
 
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If you lifted your 8x10 up to ear level
Prejudice here. That unit is taller than me. I am not your arcetypical bass players that you make false assumption of and jumps to conclusions...

Note that venue acoustics change quite a bit from being empty to being full of people
Yes, but so it does when they are placed closer to the stage, and for the musicians on the stage too. Wherever you're placed inside the venue.

o even if you've got a pretty good sound system you're fighting a losing battle against reflections, standing waves, etc.... the low frequencies themselves are not actually the problem,

And yet, those instruments who are acoustically capable of providing sub 20 Hz are placed in the absolute worst acoustical environment with the most loud reflections and reverb... a church... go figure. ;)

All of the building is used as a space. I have seen no FOH engineer at those gigs, but I heard the low end better far back in the church than near the organ. This is mostly due to that not that many churches have bass traps or isolation, on the contrary, as much concrete as possible to create reverb! Not too many hockey arenas or venues are of that too if even one. What defines the dimensions of a room are the wall spacing and floor-to-ceiling height. Sound waves generated within a room either pass through the room boundaries, bounce off them, or are absorbed. In fact, all three of these often apply. I e, when a sound wave strikes a wall some of its energy may be reflected, some may be absorbed, and some may pass through to the outside. When low frequencies are attenuated in a room, the cause is always canceling reflections. All that is needed to allow low frequency waves to sound properly and with a uniform frequency response is to remove or at least reduce the reflections. However, modes are not necessary for a wave to exist. As proof, any low frequency can be produced outdoors - and of course there are no room modes outdoors! Best environment to test any low bass response! Or low frequency, and there you have to stand a bit back, still!

Imagine you set up a high quality loudspeaker outdoors, play some low frequency tones, and then measure the frequency response five feet in front of the speaker. In this case the measured frequency response outdoors will be exactly as flat as the loudspeaker. Now wall in a small area, say 10x10x10 feet, using very thin paper, and measure the response again. The low frequencies are still present in this "room" because the thin paper is transparent at low frequencies and they pass right through. Now, make the walls progressively heavier using thick paper, then thin wood, then thicker wood, then sheet rock, and finally brick or cement. With each increase in wall density, reflections will cause cancellations within the room at ever-lower frequencies as the walls become massive enough to reflect the waves.

Thus, it is reflections that causes acoustic interferences, standing waves, and resonances, and those are what reduce the level of low frequencies that are produced in a room. When the reflections are reduced by applying bass traps, the frequency response within the room improves. And if all reflections were able to be removed, the response would be exactly as flat as if the walls did not exist at all. I have yet to see or hear any room, venue, concert hall, capable of this and that's mainly the reason you have the churches as capable of producing those low notes, now still, we are ONLY talking about sine wave fundamentals, and of a specific kind, below human hearing, the sub 20 Hz frequencies. Churches are used as an extra amplifying pipe... so to speak. In order for the OP to get anywhere with his sub 20 Hz notes, you have to dampen up pretty well, as well as keeping the physical thing from vibrating and shaking at louder levels than the actual fundamental. You won't be able to be in the room yourself while playing. Due to all stuffing.

Headphones have absolutely no walls or acoustics, all frequencies and waves doesn't BOUNCE anywhere, they go straight in to your ear drum and doesn't bounce back anywhere, because there's no wall or diaphragm to bounce on and at the other end is not you eardrum, it's the headphone speaker diaphragm. Regarding producing low end, really below 20 Hz, this is not comparable to open air, since in a miniaturized electrostatic earphone system, which takes advantage of the fact that the earphone is sealed within the ear cavity. There is a relatively small volume of air between the earphone and the ear canal. This natural bit of physics allows the headphones to reproduce low frequencies efficiently. But since the sub 20 Hz are more felt than heard, since the human hearing stops (or starts) at 20 Hz, there's nothing to "feel" with headphones on, there's nothing to shake your bones. And no audio format supports sub 20 Hz anyway, so it's going to be reproducible only in a live environment and outdoors. In a field, maybe soccer field, football stadia, and open air concerts...

So since it all applies to SUB 20 Hz it doesn't matter at all if you stand with your ear as close as possible to that 8x10 or anything else that's capable of producing it, since you won't hear it anyway, and no human can HEAR WITH THEIR EAR AND EARDRUMS that low (below 20 hz no matter the loudness). If you should FEEL the sub 20 Hz notes, you have to stand a bit back. If everything, including the stage floor (or bass board as described above) shakes and vibrates, well then then you just feel it, and that 's what counts. You will feel nauseaus within seconds and even feel a bit sick, and at unease. And as you self proclaimed that it has no musical value on its own (soloed), it contradicts with others who said that such a low note should be produced at beat breaks, and pauses inside music when it's left all alone. And in the end, no matter how you isolate it, it just flutters and pulsating like the fishing boat sound above and wreaks havoc and knocks all other frequencies off in the air too, since it will knock them out of both phase and pitch... they have to be too strong in order to get heard.

Remember, we're ONLY talking about fundamentals, clean and loud, and below 20 hz. As fast as we're speaking anything above it, and together with first and second harmonic, and not a pure sine wave, I am all game with you. I am still saying that a rotary subwoofer (together with its enclosure) is the only way to go, if you will have levels, that can compete with the rest. Even then they will throw the rest of the frequencies askew, as it can be heard in the above video with the 128' pipe kicking in.
 
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"Subwoofers designed to produce infrasound are capable of sound reproduction an octave or more below that of most commercially available subwoofers, and are often about 10 times the size"

Or why don't you just hire Tim Storms as your bands singer?

Tim Storms - Wikipedia

Of interest is the chapter that infrasound causes people to start to believe in ghosts, haunted places, poltergeists and stuff. Well, good enough for some schock rock act of some sort.
 
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Prejudice here. That unit is taller than me. I am not your arcetypical bass players that you make false assumption of and jumps to conclusions...

Sorry. Yes, I do tend to assume that full-grown bass players are over 4 feet tall. My mistake.

And yet, those instruments who are acoustically capable of providing sub 20 Hz are placed in the absolute worst acoustical environment with the most loud reflections and reverb... a church... go figure. ;)

Sorry. It had not occurred to me that pipe organs are often placed in churches because that is an optimal acoustic environment for them. I always thought that it was because the church had money to throw around on things like that, and things like hiring Michelangelo to spend a few years painting a ceiling, and building the most ornate structures in history, etc. My mistake.

All of the building is used as a space. I have seen no FOH engineer at those gigs, but I heard the low end better far back in the church than near the organ. This is mostly due to that not that many churches have bass traps or isolation, on the contrary, as much concrete as possible to create reverb!

Darn it, I misunderstood again. I had no idea that churches were intentionally built to have lots of reverb. Is that in the bible somewhere? "Thou shalt have places of worship which produce glorious amounts of reverb, for it reflects the glory of the lord".......... was that new or old testament?

It obviously has nothing to do with the building material of the day, because you can plainly see that churches built in the modern era do not contain acoustical treatments at all.

Not too many hockey arenas or venues are of that too if even one.

True, there are so few hockey arenas that are built of concrete and have lots of reverb. Yeah, most of them are practically anechoic.

Have a nice weekend, y'all.
 
The Sub has a switchable high pass filter and Bag End's "Infra integrator".
The maximum acoustic output is probably dependent on which high pass filter is selected.
Bag End Infra processing uses something like a Linkwitz transform (12dB/octave boost) to maintain a "flatter" response (by boosting lower frequencies).
Selecting a higher high pass filter probably affects the Infra processing and input level to the poweramp.
So if the @95Hz high pass filter is selected, the signal going into the amp may be higher than if the @8Hz high pass filter is selected.

A limiter may kick in at lower levels for lower frequencies since they are being boosted by the Infra processing.

Correct me if I'm wrong but the power difference when you check the response chart is 34dbSPL , that means over a thousand times (1000X) less between the 85hz response and the 8hz response. That means that you are hearing the 8hz 1000X less than the 85hz wich is pretty normal for any sub.

To have a +-3db difference between 8hz and 85hz , the sub would need more that a thousand times the power to reproduce the 8hz than the 85hz.
Is states that it does 130dbSPL @ 80hz , so it needs a lot of power , that depends on driver efficiency , box design etc..... it says 1350 watts wich makes sense for that number , but to have a -3db @ 8hz , it would need more than 1000X less the -3db wich is 0,5 the power , so it would need 500X the power , so it would need 675000 watts to reproduce a 8hz tone @-3db over the 85hz.

That brings me to my original question : how can a sub have a response of 8hz>95hz +-3db knowing that?
Can someone explain ?
 
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Another neat trick is to create a nice 4=5 patch using an Octave box sim(Line 6 BassPODXTLive, HD500X, or Helix) and slowly walk down the notes below the B on the E string AFTER boosting the lowest frequency on the MXR 10 band EQ that is in your signal chain. So far, IME, the XTLive and HD track lower than the Helix....down to a low F if you're very careful(21.827 Hz). Doing so usually gives subs a good test and lets you witness the neck motions of the FOH operator and any bass players in the room as they all turn to look at you. The FOH Op may not have on a happy face. Table of Musical Notes and Their Frequencies and Wavelengths

All of this started when my Mom was practicing a real pipe organ at a church and I was crawling around on and near the bass pedals. Every time she pushed on the left side pedals, the entire building and me would shake. Bass pedals rule especially when they're backed up by huge tuned pipes.
 
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Correct me if I'm wrong but the power difference when you check the response chart is 34dbSPL , that means over a thousand times (1000X) less between the 85hz response and the 8hz response. That means that you are hearing the 8hz 1000X less than the 85hz wich is pretty normal for any sub.

To have a +-3db difference between 8hz and 85hz , the sub would need more that a thousand times the power to reproduce the 8hz than the 85hz.
Is states that it does 130dbSPL @ 80hz , so it needs a lot of power , that depends on driver efficiency , box design etc..... it says 1350 watts wich makes sense for that number , but to have a -3db @ 8hz , it would need more than 1000X less the -3db wich is 0,5 the power , so it would need 500X the power , so it would need 675000 watts to reproduce a 8hz tone @-3db over the 85hz.

That brings me to my original question : how can a sub have a response of 8hz>95hz +-3db knowing that?
Can someone explain ?
Bag End's Infra processing uses something like a 12 db/octave boost. The signal going into the power amp increases as frequencies get lower. 40hz would be boosted +12db over 80hz. 20hz would be boosted +24db over 80hz. 10hz would be boosted +36db over 80hz. A +36db 10hz signal will CLIP the power amp before a flat 80hz signal.

The system may be flat until the amp (or processing) starts clipping the lowest frequency (based on the user selected high pass filter).
For example: Speaker output may be +/-3db @ 80 dBs across the range as there is no clipping.

Maximum acoustical output is probably based on amp clipping at each listed frequency.
 
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OK, I get that , but the numbers don't make any sense ......

dbSPL is an actual acoustic measurement , doesn't have the IEC curve like dbA , so it's not what humans are hearing but the actual acoustic output. It's what instrument are "hearing ".
We , as human , are actually hearing a lot less than that.


My guess is that the number +-3db @ 8 > 95hz is probably measured at the input of the amp , after the processing , not as a dbA or dbC measurement of acoustical efficiency.