i suspect we have the cause and effect reversed here, and the problem that caused it to need so much adjustment was the same problem that caused the breakout; how fast you adjusted the rod is a red herring.
Post hoc ergo propter hoc is the name of a logical fallacy that assumes because event B occurred after event A that B was caused by A.
The glue failed to do it's job for whatever reason. It could have been that there was not enough glue applied or that the glue squeezed out during the cure ("starved joint"). Or it could have been a bad batch of glue. Who knows? It doesn't matter but it is certainly the glue that failed.
Turning the truss rod nut occurred before the glue failed and the inlay let loose. But it was not the cause. The event is coincidental.
As an aside, if turning the truss rod nut only a quarter (half, eighth, sixteenth, etc.) revolution and waiting for an unspecified, magical time (fifteen minutes, an hour, a day and a half?) every guitar repair shop world wide would be out of business by next Friday.