When comparing the USC to nothing, then it primarily is a document assumes some powers at the expense of the individual. I say that's not logical, as there could not have been zero government.
When thinking in real terms, we must compare the founding document of the US, with similar documents and governments at the time and even in the past.
When the rest of the world had governments that gave little or no respect to the individual, the minimalist US Constitution pulled back those reigns of power and tyranny, and therefore it is a document of restraint.
Once again, in the context of the real world as opposed to the theoretical, the USC is a document that outlined the restraint of Federal power.
That depends on how you want to view it. You could argue that the constitution was worded in such a way to give deference to a much larger degree of state control than we see today, and you could also argue that the document was designed to be less intrusive on the public than it has been.
It's a malleable piece of well-crafted politics, and as such the constitution can be whatever you want it to be.
If you want to get into specifics (or real world things) take a look at the language in the document itself:
Article Six says the government holds the supreme authority in the country:
This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
While Article Four tends to provide the citizenry with safety from the government:
The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
So what happens when Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeus corpus? Which article do we call upon there?
