Forgive me if I missed a post, but 13 pages with no mention of:
Elliott Smith
Jeff Buckley
Autolux
Pavement
Skinny Puppy
My Bloody Valentine
Is crazy! Lol. Sure, some of the above mentioned is defunct (or deceased), but the legacy is immeasurable. I stumbled on Autolux by accident when they opened for a few bands. Live, I was blown away! I'm not certain whether it's bureaucracy or Failure or whatever, but as a three piece live, holy cow!!
Elliott Smith, don't even get me started. Sure, it might be overhyped pretentious Left Banke/Beatles inspired crap to some, but I adore his work. There are a million Bright Eyes types packing acoustics and emotions due to him. Remember, Bob Dylan really launched into consciousness clinging pretty high on Woody Guthrie's coattails.
Skinny Puppy for certain inspired the likes of Nine Inch Nails (Dig It vs. The Down In It singles come to mind). Likewise, NIN spawned Stabbing Westward, Gravity Kills, Filter, etc.
Not a supermassive fan of Manring and I think the hyperbass belongs in orbit with the hubble, but Hedges was ridiculous!
How about The Flaming Lips? Most of the entire scene in OKC/Austin seems to be a relative of them.
My Bloody Valentine - along with Nirvana, pulled the Fender Jaguar/Jazzmaster out of $250 pawn shop regulars into the main axe of every shogazer/Nelson Cline 'indie' artist since. That has to count for something.
The New York no wave scene was resurrected into just about every band signed to Matador the last decade.
Radiohead is a given and they have a tremendous amount of torch carrying for Joy Division, Pink Floyd and Can.
Anyone remember Aphex Twin? Those sliced, stretched unquantized beats have been all over everything and commercialized in the form of Timbaland.
Nearly all of pop music, and consequently, crossover county, is a variation on themes of Michael Jackson, Patsy Cline/Willie Nelson, Stevie Wonder and the other icons that had vast talent. People that made genres. Kraftwerk is massively influential, yet remain fairly obscure, for example.
This might be a tenuous connection and I am slightly biased, but I've noticed a paradigm between bands with a great rhythmic foundation, despite genre, tend to steer the trends for good music. What do The Who, Tool and DMB have in common artistically? Not much. But the Entwistle/Moon, Carey/Chancellor and Beauford/Lessard marriages are very similar.
Just a sidenote. Interesting thread!