A somewhat ironic summary:
I guess, standard scale length of a full size bass is 110 to 112 cm. Anything shorter like a 3/4 has to be just for youths and small people...
Advantage of a 1/4 for me is being able to play seated on a normal stool using all four fingers. Disadvantage is needing amplification most of the time.
Advantage of a 3/4 is availability and being able to play without amplification in some settings. Disadvantage is transportability and the body is often still too small to work good with strings lower E.
Advantage of 4/4 is better support of low nodes, but often not as good with higher nodes then the fractinal basses. Disadvantage in wide finger spacings and even worse transportabilty.
Since the bass guitars are found more often then big double basses, seems smaller instruments needing amplification works for more people...