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4x8 vs 4x10 at same wattage

As a blanket statement, yes, almost as much as not using one of the 10's in the 4x10. BUT the cab design and driver design can make a 4x8 as efficient as a crap 4x10. Going on driver configuration alone is too general of a question. You can't really take surface area out of the equation so easily, either. A 10 watt tube amp can be enough for a guitarist to gig with, through a 4x12, but likely not through a single 8. Cone surface CAN be THE deciding factor. With super-engineered, high sensitivity drivers and a great cab design, sure X brand 4x8 may be superior to Y brand 4x10.
 
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1) It's about 20% more surface, which should give some extra volume.
(if all other things, like cabinetsize, venting etc etc are the same).

It's actually over 50% more surface area but that still doesn't really tell you much. The volume of air displaced is what matters and that depends on the excursion of the drivers as well as area. And then there's cab efficiency.
 
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My current setup is a Markbass Little Mark III with an SWR Henry Jr 4x8. I'm looking at a older used GK 410MBE-II. I'm strapped for cash and need some volume, the GK is only $150. My current setup just not loud snuff.
 
The new cab should add a lot of volume - huge difference. The 4X10 will likely be louder, but you may be fine with that. Just make sure you have enough power to drive them both and that you don't fall below the minimum impedance recommended for the amp once everything's cookin'.