what is the average lifespan of the V9 battery?
This thread is a little old but I have just purchased a Deluxe Active Jazz Bass and therefore have become interested in how other folks monitor and manage the batteries in their active instruments. This thread turned up in a search on that topic.
I'm an electrical engineer by trade and I can tell you that the OP's question has no answer. Or rather, that while it does technically have an answer the average lifespan of a battery in all battery powered instruments is a useless piece of information for anyone here. You each need to know the expected lifetime of the battery in your own instrument. Not for your particular instrument exactly but for instruments that use the same make/model of active electronics.
A battery is like the fuel tank on your car. It is not rated in gallons of course but by the product of current and time. For small batteries the current is specified in milli-Amps and the time in hours so the battery will be rated in milli-Amp-hours which is abbreviated mAh. Consumer battery makers never (well, rarely) advertise this rating. They prefer to make snake-oil-salesman-like claims about how superior their product is to the competition and to their own batteries from last year. But if you dig for the technical information on their websites you can find charts and graphs and mAh ratings. The common and affordable alkaline 9V (or V9, does it really make that much difference???) battery is around 600 mAh. Lithiums will be more and more expensive, carbon-zinc will be less and cheaper. Alkalines are popular because they are widely available and give a good compromise between price and performance.
The key question now is how much current does your bass use? Just as the range of a car can be calculated from the tank size and mpg rating if you know your bass' current drain and the rating of its battery you can calculate the expected service life of the battery. My Fender uses very little current, 0.6 mA. That may or may not be typical. If I divide 600 mAh by 0.6 mA I get 1000 hr and that is the expected lifetime of a 9V alkaline battery in a current model year (2011) Fender Deluxe Active Jazz Bass. To estimate the number of days between battery replacements divide the battery life in hours (1000 in this case) by the number of hours used per day. If I use my bass 3 hours a day I could get about a year's use out of it (1000/3 = 333). If I use it 24 hours a day I get about 40 days use (1000/24 = 41). Remember that as far as the battery is concerned the bass is "in use" any time the amplifier patch cord is plugged into the socket in the bass since that is what switches the bass electronics on.
If you want to make the same calculations for your bass you need to measure its current drain. If you have a VOM you just set it up to measure current and clip only one of the battery connector's terminals onto the battery and connect the VOM between the other terminal and the unclipped battery terminal. If that sounds like Greek to you then you should get the help of someone who is familiar with using a VOM. Divide the battery mAh rating (~600 for an alkaline 9V) by the current to get the expected service life in hours.
If you would like to monitor the battery condition easily on a bass that uses the patch cord socket to switch it on you can do that with your VOM and a 1/4 inch stereo plug. Wire the VOM to the "ring" and "ground" contacts on the plug and then plug it into the bass. The VOM will then read the internal battery voltage. The voltage at which the battery should be replaced depends on the design of the electronics but Fender tells me that 4.5V is the absolute minimum and 5.5V is a better number. Since 90% of a 9V battery's capacity is used by the time it drops to 6V I plan to change mine at that point.
Yes, to be most accurate the battery should be measured with a proper battery tester. However in the case of my Fender which draws so little current there is not likely to be any difference between a VOM measurement and a loaded battery measurement. In fact the load a battery tester will apply to a 9V battery is so much higher than what my bass actually draws that the unloaded battery voltage measurement should be closer to the truth. That is a conjecture that can be tested by sacrificing a 9V battery to the cause of science and I plan to do that in the lab at work next week just for grins. However, if your bass draws more than a mA or two you may indeed need to use a proper battery tester and that would mean the stereo plug technique above could not be used since you cannot load the battery properly with the internal preamp in series with it and that connection is unavoidable when using this technique.
Unfortunately on many basses, my Fender included, the battery is behind a door attached with two screws. Measuring the voltage through the patch cord socket with a stereo plug is quite convenient and therefore much more likely to be done on a regular basis. Unscrewing the cover is inconvenient and not likely to be done often but you can rely on the calculated lifetime and just change the battery a bit more often than calculated to be safe.
Ken