Normally I would say: If you don't like the amp, sell it and get an amp you actually like. Sticking a cheap "toob" pedal in front of an amp you don't like is rarely a good solution. Sure, it will color the tone, but whether you will like that coloration is a lottery. At least unless you test it WITH YOUR RIG before buying. Every pedal you add will also add more noise and degrade the signal.
But it seems like you actually love this amp? What exactly is it you think a tube pedal will achieve? And what do you WANT it to achieve? A tiny tube pedal without any transformers/output tubes will never sound like a proper tube amp, if that's what you want?
Not shooting for a tube amp sound, I'd just buy a used Mesa 400+ if that was what I was going for. Although I would love to own one.
If you simply want dirt, MAYBE a tube pre will give you the type of dirt you want, or maybe another kind of dirt pedal will get you closer.
This is what I'm going for, a little more warmth, a little more dirt. I use a MXR 85 Bass Distortion pedal, but...
I use it very sparingly, it's great for just a hair of dirt, but if you try to add more it starts to sound too synthy to me.
Others have suggested modelling preamps. While some of these may actually sound (but not really "feel") closer to a real tube amp than most "toob" preamp pedals, I honestly don't see the point if you already love the tone of your Mesa. Most modelling pedals aim for an Ampeg(ish) tone. If that's what you want you will probably be better off selling the Mesa and buy an Ampeg instead.
Yep, modelling amps aren't even on the radar for me.
My point is: Unless you have specific goals you will most likely end up adding more noise/signal degradation just to color the tone in a way that you may or may not like. You've already got a good preamp in your Mesa. Do you think a cheap "toob" pedal will be better? Maybe, but not very likely IMO.
If you end up buying a tube preamp anyway, I would at least run the external preamp into the effects loop to bypass the preamp in your Mesa. Running preamps into preamps is often a recipe for poor tone IMO.
And if whatever pedal you consider buying has a cab/speaker sim (like many preamp pedals do): Don't use a cabsim into a real amp+cab unless you REALLY want to ruin your tone.
While I agree with almost everything you have said, stacking preamps is nothing new, it can work, or not work. If I were to install a John East preamp into one of my passive bases and make it an active bass, am I not stacking a preamp in front of my amp's preamp? So right off the bat, active bass players are already stacking preamps without ever adding a preamp pedal to their signal chain. And because of that, I suspect is why some active basses don't work well with some amps.
And then there's the Hartke HA3500C / HA5500C amps. They came with two preamps, a single tube, and a solid state preamp that you could run either solo, or mix them, in essence, stacking the tube preamp ahead of the solid state preamp. Matter of fact, that was my favorite attribute on that amp when I owned one(HA3500C). A great example of if it ain't broke, we'll just discontinue it.
But yes, stacking preamps in front of preamps can be a crapshoot. And it seems like to me, that the more options a pedal preamp has, the more complicated and crappy things can get when stacking them in front of an amp's preamp.
With all of that said, I've ordered a Sushibox More, it consists of two tubes, and a volume knob, cause sometimes simpler is better. It's designed to add to, not replace your amp's tone. And one of the things I love about the D-800+ is the tone, the voicing, the HPF, and the gain sections. The D-800+ is really simplistic in a lot of ways too which is the best thing about it, it just works.
I'm hoping that the Sushibox More's simplicity will compliment that and give me a little more warmth, a little bit of a tube feel, and a little more dirt. Guess we'll find out in a couple of weeks. Nathan Slade from Sushibox emailed me late last night and said he had some on the bench for assembly as we speak and that they should be available in about a week. So I just paid for and ordered one about 10 minutes ago. If I don't like it with the Mesa head, I also have a GK Goldline 500 that has a clean channel and a dirt channel. I never use the dirt channel on it, too noisy for my tastes. We'll see how it works on that amp on the clean channel.
And if I don't like it with either amp, then I guess I'll sell it for a small loss and move on. There's just no way for me to try out pedals without just biting the bullet and buying them. My local GC carries a lot of guitar pedals, but rarely a bass pedal, and when they do it's something common like a Sansamp BDDI. The mom and pop shops, again, a lot of guitar pedals, rarely a bass pedal of any kind, and when they do, it's whatever someone has sold them or traded in.