Substituting something the cat likes better before a habit is formed can work.
My cat started using one of my recliners. I already had a scratching post, but the cat had freaked himself out and was afraid of it. He had come running and jumped on the top of the scratching post, and it fell over on top of him. I had started laying it on it's side and had started training him to use it again. When I saw him go for the chair, I would gently pick him up and place him on the scratching post and work his paws up and down. He eventually got the idea.
Later I bought a Purrfect Post and carboard angle scratcher from this company.
How to Choose the Best Cat Scratching Post | PurrfectPost.com
The original scratching post was just carpet. Purrfect Post uses a material that cats like a bit more than carpet. The cardboard angle scratcher was a bust at first. Every once in awhile I would pick up the cat and put him on the cardboard angle scratcher and work his paws up and down and eventually he got the idea but it took a couple of months. Ultimately I think he came to like the cardboard scratcher best. He would come running and jump up in the air, landing in the middle of the scratcher; then bits of card board would go flying. Next he would run off, and come back and repeat.
I think if you can establish a good habit it goes a long way, but cats can be a bit psychopathic as well, so if you do something that upsets them, the may intentionally destroy something to get even.