I use measured chunks of styrofoam in my test box to shrink it, try drivers in different box volumes. Various numbers, lengths and diameters of cardboard tube or pvc pipe makes it easy to try different tunings as well. Styrofoam is "closed cell" foam, it occupies space. The lining/stuffing you use in the speaker box is "open cell", you can easily breath through it like an air filter. It doesn't count against the box size, but does other things you need done, like damp midrange reflections, smooths response, etc.
Length x width x height = volume.....space occupied or created.
12" x 12" x 12" = 1728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot...the magic number. Cubic inches divided by 1728 = cubic feet.