First off, the number of speakers you have pushing air directly relates to your volume. Also, 100 watts for a tube guitar amp (Marshall Plexi) is MASSIVE. Running that through eight 12" speakers = MASSIVE amount of sound. Bass frequencies require a lot more watts than mid range (re: guitar) - so you'll need a lot more wattage to keep up with 100 watts in a guitar amp. Also, even if you had the right amount of watts to compete, you'd want *at least* the same amount cone area moving - so you'd be looking at an 8x12 cab for bass - (do they make those?) - or at least an 8x10 capable of handling high wattage.
Next, I suspect your power amp might not be putting out full power - either b/c your preamp isn't matching up properly to it, or the amp itself is old and not performing up to par.
If you're playing in a room with a Marshall Plexi through a stack of 4x12 cabs, and you don't have serious ear protection, then yes, you probably are going deaf. It happens.
So if you want VOLUME, then turn DOWN the bass eq, and boost mids. If you want rumble, you're going to need a whole BUNCH of speakers.
Find out if your cabs are out of phase (an easy test). Make sure you're using speaker cables and not instrument cables (they look the same, but perform completely differently). Make sure your preamp is giving a hot enough signal to your power amp. Make sure your power amp is putting out the full wattage.
Also, try stacking your 2x10 cab on top the 2x12 cab vertically - get your speakers as high as possible.
Make sure your bass is putting out a strong signal.
Buy a sound meter, and properly test the volume output of your rig, and also of your friend's guitar rig. Come back with results of all of the above.
Btw - as an example of frequencies requiring different wattage to produce the same "volume" - I'm running a 15 watt solid state guitar amp through a 1x12 cab with my Strat (guitar) in a band. I have the volume up around 12 o' clock. Bass player uses a 200 watt amp, through a 4x10 and has the volume at about 1 o'clock. If I play my 15 watt amp through my 4x12 cab, I can turn the volume on the amp down a lot more and have the same overall volume as when I run a single 1x12 cab. I have thought about buying a 4 watt tube amp (Vox AC4) to run through a 2x12 cab for guitar. Again, b/c of the frequencies involved, AND the fact that these amps are rated by how loud they get before the signal distorts - and a tube amp for guitar you can run it "hotter" and overdrive the amp/signal and get a lot of volume out of a small amp. (play it through a single 8" speaker, and it will be quiet. play it through a 4x12 cab and it's gonna be loud.) I have played a 1/2 watt amp through my 4x12 cab and while it doesn't hold its own in a band setting, by itself it's enough to annoy the neighbors.
So, welcome to the world of bass - which is much different than guitar. To get really loud and low/bassy, you need TONS of watts and tons of speakers. And to do it right will cost some $$$. With guitar, you can crank a small 60 watt 1x12 combo amp that cost $300 new and cause your ears to ring for a week.