More string mass makes for a stronger signal. Heavy strings, pickups further away. Lighter strings, pickups closer. Adjusting from side to side makes for even string volume.
A string vibrates widest at the mid point between the nut (or fret) and the bridge. Just like above, wider vibration disturbs the magnetic field more and creates a stronger signal. The vibration pattern is narrower (less wide) near the bridge so the signal is weaker. To remedy the weaker signal the bridge pickup is raised closer to the strings than the neck pickup.
The numbers are a starting point. Your ears, coupled with even plucking (picking, slapping, popping, whatever), are the final word.