I just googled this and read 8-10 answers. Sources ranged from Reddit threads, to manufacturers websites (Fender, Carvin) to recording industry articles. Consistently, they say, sometimes using different words, that gain and volume (knobs) are technically the same thing. The term "gain" is typically used when it's applied before the pre-amp and "volume" after. Here's the clearest of the quotes:
"There is really only one difference between gain and volume and that's when the occur in the signal chain. Gain comes first. It controls the input level in a chain. Volume comes last. It controls the output level."
I always assume in these discussions that I'm wrong, becuse there is a lot that I don't understand once electricity gets involved, but unless someone can dispute this and site sources, I don't think I am in this case.
Any box that sits in front of the input on an amp, including a powered speaker, is...if we want to be pedantic about it, "gain". Even if it's labeled "Volume", because they are not different things.
Technically, maybe, if you plugged it into the effects return...maybe it becomes volume since you bypassed the pre-amp, but I'm not sure anymore and it doesn't matter because they are not really different things. Regardless, it would be the same with both devices despite how they were labeled.
Am I wrong? Still allowing for the possibility, but reading doesn't support that. What would make a knob on one pre-amp "gain" and the equivalent knob on another one "volume" used in the same context?