Yes, in your mind.Well, you do now.
Yes, I think those things I mentioned call CHORDS qualify.The thing that playing by ear works better at is intervals that aren't half or whole steps
I've had 4 years of Music theory, don't need a lecture. Also, I never mentioned music theory, so it's not relevant to this discussion.Music theory is a backwards thing from what most people think. It's derived from practice,not the other way around. The practice existed long before people ever developed a theory to explain things. Octaves, thirds, fourths, and fifths sound good - why? It's because the frequencies of the two notes in those intervals have frequency relationships that are small number integer ratios of each other. That coupled with our ears being attuned to those relationships, certain intervals sound better to us than others. Chords are simply groups of notes that sound good when played together - people learned what notes sounded good together long before anyone developed a theory to explain why.
Thousands of years ago, although people could intuit some of those relationships, due to string lengths, pipe lengths, and such, nobody had a frequency counter to really know what frequencies were being played, but primitive people knew certain things sounded good. They, to use your words, knew what they were playing, even if terms hadn't been invented for it yet. The point is, music theory exists as a way to explain what works in practice, not the other way around. Theory can be invoked to explain why something sounds good, but "sounds good" came a long time before theory; a lot of folks seem to forget that, and think that theory is somehow vital to being a good musician, and should always be taught first. Humanity didn't learn to make music in that order - good musicians existed eons before people knew music theory.
Done now. If you can't see how knowing scales and chords can help you learn a song, that's your shortcoming.