Least expensive international shipping options may be found here:
www.pirateship.com
They resell USPS and UPS services at deep discounts. The rest of it is as follows:
Buyer has to pay the import fees, duties or tariff before the item is released. The main customs fee in Germany is called Import VAT ( 19% or 7%). Additionally, the buyer may pay
Customs Duty on goods over €150 and a handling fee (often ~€6) if a carrier clears the items. These fees apply to imports from non-EU countries such as the USA. The tax is charged based on the STATED VALUE in shipping form you fill out. The greater the value, the greater the Import VAT and Customs Duty.
Two years ago I sent a couple of sets of acoustic guitar strings to a good friend as a gift. I checked a box saying it was a gift. He paid nothing in Customs for it.