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when is a subwoofer needed?

The only rooms we do without a sub are those where the acoustic kick is as loud as the audience wants things. We play a few of those, dinner set type stuff. Even then we might put a touch of kick in the mains, but just a touch. Any louder and the sub comes out and handles the kick. Next volume level up bass goes into the sub, then keys (assuming a keyboard amp), all crossed over as described earlier at around 75hz from the main mix. An aux send can work too; there's a lot more overlap but it allows easy fine tuning of the mains / sub balance. Next step up adds the guitar to the board, but now you're rippin' it! Any louder and you're into a bigger system with multiple monitor mixes and high-powered mains. Usually the venue owns those and runs 'em too. ...though I've had to run a few from stage with a snake to the house board! So there you go, a different set-up for every volume level.
PS: Come to think of it, you probably won't be doing too many dinner sets with two drummers :). OK then, a sub for every gig it is!
 
You need a sub. Or two. The QSC K-subs totally ROCK! Self-powered and easy to store and move size-wise. We use two of 'em for most shows. The JBL M-PRO 255S passive subs also TOTALLY ROCK!!! They are BIG (but so is the sound!) and need outboard amps but for large rooms or outside they absolutely rule. We use a pair of these at our church and I own a pair for FOH sound for bigger and outside gigs. They are very inexpensive on the used market right now as many are moving the powered subs like the QSC K-subs. About the best sounding and cost effective passive subs out there ah-yup!