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Ash or Alder does it matter to tone?

Sadly, it may not be as simple as alder v. ash. This seems particularly true of ash, as I've seen/heard/felt different tonal characteristics based on the density of the ash, which can vary widely. And for any given piece of wood, there will be sonic consequences based on how - or how long - the wood was cured prior to bass manufacture. And that's only the body. Effects of the neck wood and fingerboard (don't forget that the fingerboard is your interface with the instrument, even if there are strings - and probably frets - intermediating that interface) are also considerable.

I increasingly conclude that the primary point of a boutique bass is the likelihood that the wood will have been well-selected and well-treated - body, neck and fingerboard. Particularly with respect to combinations of these factors. I'm particularly impressed by Yamaha's efforts to promote wood cure practices at the mass-market level.

And this is not to say that pickups/electronics/strings/hardware are not important! Everything counts. But if the wood is not good, then even the finest pickups and electronics may be no more than lipstick on a pig.
 
Ash is slightly brighter and more focused than alder but it depends on numerous factors as to how much it will affect tone. First is the actual pieces of wood used in two comparable basses. All wood is unique to the cut (all ash isn't the same and all alder samples aren't identical). Second is the immeasurable qualities in any given instrument that give it its personal character. Discovering that secret has been the ongoing quest for luthiers since day one. Third is weight. Ash is heavier. If you prefer a lighter bass, all other things being equal, go for the alder. Fourth would be aesthetics. Ash has striking grain that looks beautiful on natural and transparent finishes. Alder is plain and is good for solid colors. Unless you're really keen on a natural finish the alder bodied P basses are just fine. Most Ps are alder. The electronics have much more say in the tone than the wood does in any solid body instrument, so consider that before picking a bass judging solely on wood. Best to you and Hope this helps.
 

There they are and all in one place!
I recall some of the above as pain full reading, but the big question is where is the test report for
(wait for it)


How does the tone change with a metal guard vs. plastic?
Just read that Zematis used those huge metal pickguards (body covers) on there guitars as used by Ron Wood because it changed the tone and made it better...
 
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For myself, I think the neck has more to do with tone than the body. Ultimately you just need to find a bass that you like. I don't think anyone here will say that Ash is absolutely better than Alder or vice versa but as you play different basses some will appeal to you more than others. I've had many P type basses. As I continued to play and to try other basses I ended up with a few that really speak to me. That doesn't mean that there won't be other basses than I like better in the future. Enjoy the journey.