• TalkBass has been independent since 1998. Add your voice.
    Create a free account to reply to discussions, view embedded media, and browse with fewer display ads.
    Join freeLog in
    Want zero display ads or expanded classifieds tools? Compare plans.

Ghost Builders - The True Story?

Hey Good Folks of the TB:

I am hearing a lot these days about "Ghost Builders" many times world class luthiers, who build top of the line guitars for the stars - yet use the original Fender, Gibson or whatever logo they are replicating - on the headstock. I am hearing that the artists claim that they just couldn't get the quality or the features from the production guitar company custom shop. Or it could be as simple as an electronics or pickup set-up the artist wants - that the original manufacturer refuses to provide. So many times, the star commissions an outside luthier to replicate the guitars of their dreams. Then they get permission to throw the logo of the original guitar company on the headstock.

The subject has been tackled peripherally on TB with many of you considering this to be blasphemy and condemning this process on almost every level. You don't want to know that the real stars in many cases are not playing Fenders, Gibsons or _________ at all, but are playing world class replicas of those guitars or basses. I personally find it fascinating, and I am hoping that some of you might as well. Like most things, everything you hear comes from the web and could be suspect, so the question is - what is the truth about "Ghost Builders?"

First of all - to state the obvious - you are Gibson or Fender for a moment. The Rock Star artist plays your guitars - but wants a guitar with this or that - special features or a craftsmanship quality that is over and above your normal offerings, even in your custom shop. You make a couple and he or she isn't happy. You haven't nailed it for whatever reason. Now what?

The world class artist has a choice, should he or she decide to commission the build elsewhere. They can have a pretty exact replica built and put on a bogus or no-name headstock decal on it. Or, they can sanction the project covertly through the guitar maker to allow their headstock decal - even though they had nothing to do with building that particular guitar. So, as a business person - I see this as a win-win-win. The guitar company has the advantage of the public thinking the artist is playing their guitars. The artist gets the guitar he wants, hand-crafted exactly to his or her specs - and the builder stays busy with some cool world-class projects. Of course, it's covert, deceptive and wrong - but if you think the guitar company doesn't want that decal on the headstock, you are sorely mistaken. This is especially true if the guitar turns out to be the #1 or if the guitar turns up in his or her stage rotation on a regular basis.

It's a no-brainer from a marketing point of view to me. Thousands of guitars have been sold by the major companies over the years - with players purchasing guitars that they thought were the same model played by their heroes. Yes it's deceptive practices 101 actually - of course, the consumer wasn't getting that model at all - because their heroes are playing a replica made in a world class luthier shop somewhere.

My guess is that it happens much more than we realize. Even if it's a simpler matter of changing out the pickups, certain manufacturers have deals with certain pickup companies. Putting anything else in their production models could leave them vulnerable to a lawsuit - due to the violation of their sometimes exclusive pickup contracts. It's a complex subject, so I thought it might be fun to explore it here. It's even rumored that sometimes money even changes hands from one side or the other, depending on the star power and the arrangement. I might point out that I have ZERO intimate first-hand knowledge of any of this, and I am not presenting anything here that isn't readily available on the interwebs. I am simply providing it in one place, so if you are up for it, the discussion can take place here.

I was pretty amazed to find that Jimmy Page's number three Les Paul, six of Pete Townsends's Tele's - along with the Eric Clapton's "Blackie's" - were actually built by Roger Giffin, not Gibson or Fender. Giffin also built basses for the likes of Sting, Paul McCartney, John Entwhistle, Mike Rutherford and Bill Wyman, to name a few. Here is a partial client list:

Giffin Client List.png


Here is more on Roger from Guitar Aficionado:

Roger Giffin.png


Slash's killer Les Paul used on "Appetite" was apparently actually built by Kris Derrig, NOT by Gibson and it is apparently still the guitar he uses in the studio:

Slash WEB.png


There doesn't seem to be a great love or even respect for the late Ed Roman on the board, but I considered him a friend - even though we never did any real business together. I showed Ed the first PRS he ever saw, in 1977 which was my first PRS bass, #7. I always giggled when I got that annual call from Ed trying to coerce me into selling it to him. And yes, he was offering REAL money, even back then. Ed was a loud-mouthed, self-serving madman: coarse, crude, rude - a highly opinionated "know it all" - and that is exactly what I loved about him. Does that completely kill his credibility? Perhaps.

Ed had a pretty notorious reputation as a "ghost builder" for many different companies, including Gibson, Kramer, Steinberger and a laundry list of others. He had a true disdain for most of the big guitar companies and I think he got a vicarious thrill out of duplicating their instruments. He also pulled back the curtain and exposed many others doing the same thing. It's a pretty long read to post the entire Roman Ghost Building "rant" here, but it's worth checking out if the subject is of interest. It used to be almost twice as long, but over the years he had so many lawsuits threatened that he had to take parts of it down. It shrunk accordingly.

Rants - Ghost Builders - Ed Roman Guitars

My attitude is - the truth is the truth is the truth - and the more we know about Ghost Builders and the truth, the more we can keep our eyes wide open when buying any instrument. For example, how do we really know that those two old Sting Fender P's weren't actually built by Roger? Or perhaps he built the jazz bass we saw McCartney playing? I would bet there is an awful lot of "covert" information floating around in Roger's head. Maybe he will spill all the beans someday in an interview or perhaps a book. I, for one, certainly hope so.

Comment if you see fit, and if you have any additional information on the subject please feel free to post it here. But watch your back - the guitar companies don't like this information floating around.
 
Last edited:
I think Ghost builders have long been a known quantity by those of us who follow instruments. Good collection of articles though.

However, I think there are 3 different activities mentioned above that should be noted and described separately. I call them "Likes", "Fakes" and "Ghosts".

1) Building of "like" guitars by private builders. Guitars in a given style, but not having a major brand on them.
This happens all the time, and alot of these guys now have their own names/brands. Suhr and many others come to mind.

2) Building of replica (i.e. "fake") guitars with famous logos and headstocks by private builders with no connection to the famous name . Probably more common in the past among top-tier luthiers as now a builder with a reputation to protect is much less likely to risk litigation by building a "fake". Of course this kind of thing happens all the time with hobby builders (especially on TB) and in small shops responding to private customer requests. Fender makes it easy by licensing their headstock shape out to many different parts makers.

3) "Ghost" building of a guitar for a famous client by a highly skilled who is not a regular employee but is hired or permitted by a major brand. My suspicion is that this happens slightly less nowdays as many major brands have very competent custom shops, but still I'm sure this happens with some regularity with companies who do not. A company will do what they can to get a major endorser and many of these companies might not have the caliber of custom shop the artist requires or the artist may have a favored builder.
 
Last edited:
I asked Tony Franklin of fretless fame if he really played his Fender signature guitars. He said the indeed he does, although he has them set up to suit him. Jack Casady has sworn that he receives two new JCs a year from Epiphone and does nothing to them but basic set up.

If Fender or Gibson chooses to contract with an independent luthier to build a one-off matching their basic specs for an artist, then the name should go on. If an artist hires so don'te to build it for them, then it is not a Gibson, it's a a whoever-built-it.

Of course, in the real world, my opinion matters as much as it did when I Was married.
 
Be interesting from a legal perspective as to whether the issue of false advertising or endorsements ever comes up. There are actually rules about that sort of thing. I guess if the Federal Trade Commission ever wanted to start a really high profile 'investigation' ripe for Watergating and some celebrity subpoenas, this would be a good possibility. Gibson already got its butt kicked on somewhat trumped charges surrounding some of the wood they were importing. This one could involve the entire instrument industry. Government hearings love that sort of stuff.
 
Be interesting from a legal perspective as to whether the issue of false advertising or endorsements ever comes up. There are actually rules about that sort of thing. I guess if the Federal Trade Commission ever wanted to start a really high profile 'investigation' ripe for Watergating and some celebrity subpoenas, this would be a good possibility. Gibson already got its butt kicked on somewhat trumped charges surrounding some of the wood they were importing. This one could involve the entire instrument industry. Government hearings love that sort of stuff.
I would guess that the only real legal ramifications would be for scenario 2 in Eilif's post above- builder with no connection to (trademarked) company X builds a replica with the actual name on it. Beyond that, I think it is roughly anything goes. I doubt there is any meaningful lawbreaking (even if it is an ethical thing) if some artist has a sig model but the one he plays is from the custom shop and the one I can buy is from Korea.
 
Very thorough and informative Rick - thanks for your efforts here. Doesn't surprise me at all that this has gone on for so long. There's a slight ethics debate when it comes to the publics perception of a said product, but as you pointed out these 'clones' were (most certainly) sanctioned by the company badged on the headstock. I agree it's a win-win-win and have no ill feelings toward any company/luthiers doing it. At the end of the day, why in the world would it concern me as a potential buyer of an instrument. (speaking only for myself as a player and owner of my own opinion) ;)
 
  • Like
Reactions: BassHappy
I would guess that the only real legal ramifications would be for scenario 2 in Eilif's post above- builder with no connection to (trademarked) company X builds a replica with the actual name on it. Beyond that, I think it is roughly anything goes. I doubt there is any meaningful lawbreaking (even if it is an ethical thing) if some artist has a sig model but the one he plays is from the custom shop and the one I can buy is from Korea.

Oh it can get a little more complicated than that if someone decides that your endorsing a product - and/or saying in interviews that's what you use onstage or on xyz hit song isn't. That could be considered deceptive advertising.

They've already gone after some bloggers for doing product reviews for not disclosing they were given the product in return for agreeing to do a review.

And since many endorsement deals require you speak well of the product in question, it gets a little dicey if it's not what you're actually using.

Most musicians don't weigh endorsements very heavily when making a purchase decision. But the regulators don't necessarily know - or maybe just don't want to know that.
 
Oh it can get a little more complicated than that if someone decides that your endorsing a product - and/or saying in interviews that's what you use onstage or on xyz hit song isn't. That could be considered deceptive advertising.

They've already gone after some bloggers for doing product reviews for not disclosing they were given the product in return for agreeing to do a review.

And since many endorsement deals require you speak well of the product in question, it gets a little dicey if it's not what you're actually using.

Most musicians don't weigh endorsements very heavily when making a purchase decision. But the regulators don't necessarily know - or maybe just don't want to know that.

Yeah, I think that's a good point. I guess it would depend what someone said. If rocker X said "I used this Indonesian sig model to record my last album and for a world tour" and was actually using a custom shop model, that may well run afoul of false advertising.

But, I'm not sure that just being in an ad with your sig instrument would cross the line if you weren't making that explicit of a claim. I know for some product categories (i.e. cosmetics) there are actually some rules for celebrity endorsements (and it's a pretty low threshold. I don't think any celebreties are really using grocery store hair dye on their whole heads).

I have appreciated the way Marcus Miller seems to be talking about Sire. I don't think he even pretends to play them live, and the copy on the site talks about him having input into the design process (which I'll just have to take his word for) but that the whole poitn was to make nice bass for budget minded players. It never says "this is the bass I wanted designed for me and I use it all the time."
 
  • Like
Reactions: I Can't Dance
Having a background in the sign business, it was always tricky when someone wanted to make a custom piece using a trademark that didn't belong to them. Generally speaking, someone could hire us to make a one-off Fender or Gibson sign for their basement bar or for their nightclub, and we could do that because they weren't reselling it. It's not really any different than putting a big Ford logo on someone's rear window. One-off replicas for personal use are more or less legal, and in the case of Fender or Gibson, people are paying their own money to advertise for them, so why would they ever complain, unless it was being done in an inappropriate venue, or in a way to lower the perception of the brand.

I agree that it does seem a little (or a lot) shady that the player can't actually play an instrument from brand XX while taking their money to endorse them. That misleads all sorts of fans and followers into thinking brand XX guitars are really good, or worth a certain price because that certain player uses them... but I think there is some gray-area in the legality of it because these are considered high level specialists who simply cannot use production line products to perform the way they do. Racecar drivers may have a certain logo on the hood of their car, on their uniforms and helmets, but that doesn't mean the car they "perform" with is the same car they are promoting.
.
 
Very thorough and informative Rick - thanks for your efforts here. Doesn't surprise me at all that this has gone on for so long. There's a slight ethics debate when it comes to the publics perception of a said product, but as you pointed out these 'clones' were (most certainly) sanctioned by the company badged on the headstock. I agree it's a win-win-win and have no ill feelings toward any company/luthiers doing it. At the end of the day, why in the world would it concern me as a potential buyer of an instrument. (speaking only for myself as a player and owner of my own opinion) ;)

Hey JIO

When you get into the nuts and bolts of it - it's pretty amazing that Roger even admitted in the interview that he built the Page #2 Les Paul, Townshend's Tele's and a couple of the Eric Clapton "Blackies." I can only imagine (and this is pure speculation) that he is in possession of Non-Disclosure agreements on those builds which may have expired. Otherwise, it's pretty freakin' bold to even mention it! I wouldn't blame Roger for finally wanting a little credit for the incredible work he has done over the years - I just wish he would have provided more details - especially with some backstory on the basses he has built!
 
  • Like
Reactions: JIO
Hey JIO

When you get into the nuts and bolts of it - it's pretty amazing that Roger even admitted in the interview that he built the Page #2 Les Paul, Townshend's Tele's and a couple of the Eric Clapton "Blackies." I can only imagine (and this is pure speculation) that he is in possession of Non-Disclosure agreements on those builds which may have expired. Otherwise, it's pretty freakin' bold to even mention it! I wouldn't blame Roger for finally wanting a little credit for the incredible work he has done over the years - I just wish he would have provided more details - especially with some backstory on the basses he has built!

I'm sure more in-depth information will surface eventually. This was opening the window.
 
  • Like
Reactions: BassHappy
As for legal issues regarding "Signature" instruments and endorsements as long as the artist doesn't say "I play the same bass on tour" they're on pretty safe ground. They can even say "I play _____ (brand) instrument on tour" even if they don't play the production model instrument that bears their name. Sure it's a bit misleading, but it's legal and common.

I think I recall one of the Green Day guys saying that they played MIM instruments from Fender for a while and that they would often smash them on stage and their tech would reassemble them from various parts for the next night. The humorous part was his regret when getting one that played particularly well and then smashing it.

Hey JIO

When you get into the nuts and bolts of it - it's pretty amazing that Roger even admitted in the interview that he built the Page #2 Les Paul, Townshend's Tele's and a couple of the Eric Clapton "Blackies." I can only imagine (and this is pure speculation) that he is in possession of Non-Disclosure agreements on those builds which may have expired. Otherwise, it's pretty freakin' bold to even mention it! I wouldn't blame Roger for finally wanting a little credit for the incredible work he has done over the years - I just wish he would have provided more details - especially with some backstory on the basses he has built!

I don't think it's a big deal. I'm sure that any related statute of limitations has long since expired for any legal issues. I could be wrong, but I seriously doubt there were any NDA's for his instruments back in the 70's.

Interestingly, a buddy of mine had/has a fake Gibson LP that supposedly a well known local blues guy would take to clubs in the 80/90's's so as not to risk his own vintage LP. We've got no idea whether it was a one-off job or a rebadged MIJ.
 
Last edited:
  • Like
Reactions: BassHappy
I found this video by Scott Grove on the Harmony Central Forum a few months ago and it may have been posted here on TB somewhere too. It goes very long and is not really bass specific, but I thought at least parts of it were enlightening as well as entertaining.

I looked for it this morning, but couldn't find it on YouTube. It finally turned up:



Interestingly, the comments are disabled and it says this on YouTube under the video:

Published on Sep 25, 2013

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."
 
Last edited:
Hey Rick;

There's also a lot of fully legitimate "Ghostbuilding" going on which is commonly known as "subcontracting". I have done, and still occasionally do, a fair amount of that. Many of the well known guitar manufacturers will subcontract jobs to veteran Luthiers like myself, even though they may have their own custom shop groups. Sometimes it's parts, sometimes it's complete finished instruments. I've done prototypes of new models that were shown at the NAMM show, and crazy one-offs for rock stars. Sometimes I get called in to work right with their own Luthiers, where I build some unique portion of the instrument, and they finish it off. And it's often a team of us working together, each doing our specialties. Mike Lipe, Pat Wilkins and I, for example, have done projects like this together for several different companies. I won't drop names here, because the companies generally prefer that we keep it quiet. They are paying the bill, and it's their trademarks, logos, shapes and promo campaigns. It's not our place to promote ourselves from the deal and possibly interfere with their relationship with their customers.

They subcontract to us for various reasons. Usually it's just that their own custom shop is overloaded, and they need something special quickly. In my own case, it's often because I have particular machines or experience that they don't have. It may be cheaper overall to subcontract it than to have their staff make it in house. It's just business.

So yes, there are occasional instruments out there which look just like a production model, complete with legal logos and company blessings, but are actually custom handmade specials.
 
Very interesting subject. I have been aware of this issue for quite some time but did not know the extent of it.
And I did read Ed Roman's unexpurgated rants on the subject years ago, very entertaining! :D I always wondered how much was fact and how much was Ed's self promotion.

I made my living as a woodworker in the high end art market for a few years long ago and even built a bass guitar in high school woodshop. Building solidbody instruments isn't very difficult and for these highly skilled luthiers building a perfect replica instrument would be a piece of cake.
 
A lot of musicians signed endorsement deals and could be sued by the manufacturer for not playing their brand. Especially on a high profile gig like the Grammy's,Super Bowl halftime,etc.
High profile player's were getting paid decent $$$$ to represent a certain brand. If they wanted something better than stock they had to go to someone else.