If it were me just starting out knowing what I know now with what's available on the market, I would do the following;
Step one - buy a Fender Rumble 40 - right price new, and has all the features necessary to produce a variety of sounds for different styles of music + has an XLR out (unique for this size and price range). It's super light as well, which will come in handy for moving it to where you want to jam with a friend or small group without drums. Also, even after acquiring larger rigs for what a loud band with drums requires, I still have a small portable combo for the convenience in the above mentioned situations.
I know from being on talkbass, that many experienced long time players still have and use the small combo they had before their chosen big rig, and some even have made a small combo their most recent purchase because of new offerings like the Rumble 40. So money well spent for short and long term use IMHO.
Step two - once getting more experienced playing, and having new opportunities requiring more than the 40 watts and the ten inch speaker of the Rumble, I would buy a powered speaker (most are around 200 watts RMS) with a 12" or 15" speaker. This way you can put the Rumble (like a head) on top of the powered speaker, getting it closer to your ears, hearing what is already familiar, amplified without color by the powered speaker, and giving the extra low end and necessary volume for a band with drums. This is where the XLR out feature comes in handy. Not only can it be sent to a PA system, it works with the powered speaker in the same way, which is much better than an extension speaker out on a small combo, where the low wattage is very limiting for use with an extension cabinet. Instead, you get a whole separate amplifier/larger speaker to give what's needed to supplement the Rumble. Also convenient to leave at a rehearsal space, just bring the Rumble.
Step three - finally, with the GAS (gear acquisition syndrome) and knowledge that will have developed during this time and use of the above mentioned equipment, and having saved up the necessary funds for whatever rig the built up GAS leads to, one would now have pretty versatile and affordable gear for most any situation.
(preamps/pedals and additional basses would fill in any gaps)

YMMV