Klopchin v. Masri, 45 AD3d 737
"One of several nonnegligent explanations for a rear-end collision is a sudden stop of the lead vehicle"
"The defendants' assertion that the injured plaintiff made a sudden stop and failed to give proper signals, as required by Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1163, contradicted the injured plaintiff's contention and, if believed, provided a nonnegligent explanation for the rear-end collision
"
Chepel v. Meyers, 306 AD2d 235
"The defendant was driving at a speed of approximately 15 miles per hour, when Ivasyuk "without any warning, just jammed on [his] brakes." Ivasyuk's van was "stopping," and this was "a sudden unexplained stop.
During summations, counsel for the defendant argued that the defendant did not cause this accident. The plaintiffs' counsel and Ivasyuk's counsel on the counterclaim both argued to the jury that the defendant was negligent and that her negligence was a proximate cause of the accident.
The jury found that the defendant was not negligent.
Carhuayano v. J&R Hacking, 28 AD3d 413
Generally, a rear-end collision with a stopped vehicle creates a prima facie case of negligence with respect to the operator of the moving vehicle and imposes a duty on the operator of the moving vehicle to rebut the inference of negligence by providing a non-negligent explanation for the collision. A sudden, negligent, or unexplained stop of the lead vehicle can constitute a non-negligent explanation. Stated another way, the lead driver also has a duty "not to stop suddenly or slow down without proper signaling so as to avoid a collision"
Foti v. Fleetwood Ride, Inc., 57 AD3d 724
In support of their motion for summary judgment, the appellants submitted deposition testimony which demonstrated that their stopped vehicle was struck in the rear by a vehicle owned and operated, respectively, by the defendants City of Mount Vernon and Lowell E. Anderson. However, the deposition testimony upon which the appellants relied also indicated that their vehicle came to an abrupt stop in the middle of the roadway after the driver was informed that he was headed in the wrong direction. Under these circumstances, there is an issue of fact as to whether the negligent operation of the appellants' vehicle caused or contributed to the accident
.