A. It's how Leo designed the truss rod in the late '40s for the guitar, and he used the same design for everything after that.
B. Fender/CBS moved the truss rod adjustment to the headstock for the higher-end instruments around 1969 or so. The Stratocaster, the high-end Telecasters (Thinline- I think-, Deluxe and Custom), Jaguar, Jazzmaster, Jazz Bass and Tele Bass. The P Bass and the Telecaster kept the neck heel adjustment.
C. Any Fender that's a reproduction of a vintage style instrument will have the adjustment at the heel instead of the headstock if their historical counterparts did. That's the Vintage Series, the Time Machine Series, the Classic Series, and any Japanese ones that are emulating vintage styles.
D. It's not generally that big a deal to adjust the rods on these. You may need to remove the pickguard if the cosmetics are important to you. On my own stuff, I didn't care if the scredriver chewed a bit of plastic at the neck. It's about funciton, not looks here. And often you don't need to remove the guard at all if you're careful. On my Sting I have to take off the guard, and there's a channel in the body that allows access. On my 1983 Vintage Series '62 P, there's plenty of clearance to get to the nut without removing anything. On my Classic Strat I have to take the pickguard assembly off, but that's more becuse it's a guitar with a pickup right at the end of the neck. My Jazzmaster had a stupidly stable neck- I only had to adjust that rod about four times in 15 years (I know,shoulda kept it!).
The "problem" is in my experience highly over-rated, but it is a problem. The heel-end adjustment is easy and cheap to make, but the bullet truss rod at the headstock is more expensive to implement, while being a more user friendly design. Note that Leo's subsequent instruments both had the truss rod at the headstock (pre EB Music Man and the real G&L before he became the figure head instead of the designer- I don't know what they've done at G&L since 1985).
jte