On November 8th, 1971, Led Zeppelin released their fourth studio album, commonly known as
Led Zeppelin IV. To identify the album, many people called it Led Zeppelin IV, but it has also been referred to as Four Symbols, The Fourth Album, Untitled, Runes, The Hermit and ZoSo. Along with missing a title, the album cover also does not feature the band’s name. The group chose to do this to have some anonymity and keep from being pigeonholed by the press. In fact, there is no printing anywhere on the front or back covers. There isn’t even a catalog number on the spine of the original LP.
The 19th century rustic oil painting on the front of the album was purchased by Robert Plant from an antique shop in Reading, Berkshire, England. The 20th century urban tower block on the back of the full gatefold LP cover is Butterfield Court in Eves Hill, Dudley, England.
The album is actually untitled. Tired with the criticism the band got over their previous records, guitarist Jimmy Page decided to not title the set and instead use four hand-drawn symbols on the inner sleeve, each representing one of the band members.
In place of a title, Page decided each member could choose a personal emblem for the cover. Initially thinking of a single symbol, he then decided there could be four, with each member of the band choosing his own. He designed his own symbol and has never publicly disclosed any reasoning behind it. The symbol is sometimes referred to as "ZoSo", though Page has explained that it was not in fact intended to be a word at all. Jones' symbol, which he chose from Rudolf Koch's
Book of Signs, is a single circle intersecting three vesical pisces (a triquetra). It is intended to symbolize a person who possesses both confidence and competence. Bonham's symbol, the three interlocking Borromean rings. It represents the triad of mother, father and child. Plant's symbol of a feather within a circle was his own design, being based on the sign of the supposed Mu civilization. A fifth, smaller symbol chosen by guest vocalist Sandy Denny from Fairport Convention represents her contribution to "The Battle Of Evermore"; the figure, composed of three equilateral triangles, appears on the inner sleeve of the LP, serving as an asterisk
.
During Led Zeppelin's tour of the United Kingdom in winter 1971 shortly after the album's release, the symbols could be seen on the group's stage equipment; Page's on one of his amplifiers, Bonham's on his bass drum head, Jones' on a covering for his Rhodes piano, and Plant's on the side of a PA cabinet. Only Page's and Bonham's symbols were retained for subsequent tours.
The inside illustration, entitled "The Hermit", painted by Barrington Coleby (credited to Barrington Colby MOM on the album sleeve), was influenced by the design of the card of the same name in the Rider-Waite tarot deck. This character was later portrayed by Page himself in Led Zeppelin's concert film,
The Song Remains The Same (1976).
The four symbols representing (from top left to bottom right); Page, Jones, Bonham and Plant
Sandy Denny's symbol of three downward-pointing equilateral triangles