The Beatles used the 12 a few times and of course The Byrds probably were the first band to feature an electric 12. A long time ago.
In fact, McGuinn stated that while he thought he heard something like a 12-string on early Beatles records, it was only after viewing the train scene in A Hard Day's Night that he figured out what was going on…
^^^This. One of the tidbits I recall from having read Bud Scoppa's comprehensive biography of The Byrds way back when I was ~12 years old was that Jim McGuinn got the idea of playing 12-string guitar specifically from seeing & hearing George Harrison using a Ric. (I think George used a model 330-12, but Jim wound up getting a 360-12.)