Bruce Lindfield said:
As people have mentioned - Ska grew out of a fusion of Jazz and "West Indian " music !
So in Jamaica , DJs started playing Jazz records from the US in the 1950s and this influenced the local musicians to develop their own version of Jazz - so a lot of original Ska has fast walking bass lines, but without swing or chromatic notes - the horn players were influenced by what they heard on US Jazz records and so Ska was born.
Add a lot of Ganja, slow it down and then you got Reggae!!
True enough, but most of the original guys trained to play while in Juvenile detention (they were the original rude boys), and they had to pick up a 'trade' while being reformed. Since there was money working resorts in Jamaica with all the wealthy tourists, it was an easy match (this was the mid 50's). That up-beat first shows up in 57 or 58, and is a comination of Jazz Calypso and Mento...and soon ska is the big thing...
...until 1966. 1966 was a very hot summer, and while there was weed involved, it was plainly too hot for such fast playing and dancing...at the same time, american radio in places like New Orleans was playing lots of soul, and the stations could be picked up in Jamaica...This is the birth of Rock Steady. Rock Steady is the Jamaican sythesis of american soul, with an emphasis on vocal harmonies and a de-emphasis on horn solos. Check out some of the classic Duke Reid produced stuff for the feel of this era.
As the post-colonial mood grew worse in the late 60's and poverty and hopelessness became the rule, the Rastafarian movement became a bigger social and political component of 'popular culture' in Jamaica. The weed, which had been there, became much more prevalent and now there's the emergence of "Roots Reggae", Dread Reggae (dread minor key vocal harmonies that came out of the soul/rocksteady era in a new palate of tonality), and of course the one drop.
I would suppose that Mr. Lindfield being a Brit, might know something of not only Ska, but Soul & Bluebeat, and probably Skinhead Reggae, which was more of an English invention than a Jamaican one. These things were much more popular in the UK in the 60's than here in the US...The 'Mod' youth culture embraced the Jamaican side of things in a similar way to the 77 era punks did about 10 years later with Roots and Dub.
In a side note, in my conversations with Lloyd Brevett, bassist of the Skatalites, I was told that not only was he the first Rastafarian Jamaican musician, but that he also introduced Mr. R.N. Marley to the faith. He indeed also taught Family Man how to play bass, who later gave Robbie Shakespear his first bass and taught him, providing a pretty nice bloodline of important Jamaican bass players.
For those who might not know, The Skatalites were THE big studio band for most of the 60's on the island. They backed probably close to 90+ percent of the recorded Ska/Rocksteady tracks...for people like the Wailers, Maytals, Jimmy Cliff, Ken Boothe, Delroy Wilson, etc...the list goes on and on.