• TalkBass has been independent since 1998. Add your voice.
    Create a free account to reply to discussions, view embedded media, and browse with fewer display ads.
    Join freeLog in
    Want zero display ads or expanded classifieds tools? Compare plans.

What did you learn today?

A linguistics professor lecturing his class on negation in English grammar. “In English,” he says, “a double negative forms a positive. However, in some languages, a double negative remains a negative. But there isn’t a single language, not one, in which a double positive can express a negative.” Whereupon a voice from the back of the room pipes up, “Yeah, right.”
 
Albert Einstein is often thought of as an archetype of the unworldly theoretical physicist, but in fact he was interested in and knowledgeable on a broad variety of topics far removed from his speciality. In 1930, along with fellow physicist Leo Szilard, he was granted U.S. Patent 1,781,541 for a refrigerator with no moving parts other than the refrigerant. At the time the patent was issued, Einstein and Szilard were residents of Berlin; both were soon to flee Germany when Hitler came to power. This document is a facsimile of the U.S. patent on the Einstein-Szilard refrigerator, filed on December 16, 1927, granted November 11, 1930, and licensed to the Electrolux Corporation.
 
TIL that much of the Pacific Northwest in the US was covered by lava flows. There is a great deal of vanished ancient landscape which is covered by a lot of basalt. It makes me curious as to what sort of features are down there under all that rock.
They're far along in process of digging a newer & deeper tunnel under Seattle (ala Boston's 'Big Dig') using a ginormous boring machine called Bertha, to soon replace the aging Rt99 elevated viaduct into the old Battery St tunnel... which is practically guaranteed to come down during the next earthquake of any medium- large magnitude. Not if, but when... as we're overdue up here in the Ring Of Fire :nailbiting:

Anyway, I know there's been more than a few tv news casts and internet tours of the findings underneath, and if you want to 'TIL' about it further ... It may be of interest to you.

I haven't watched much of them, but i know they're out there and the major undertaking is fascinating stuff. Personally, I'm gonna miss the old 99 as it's scenic as all heck (view of the waterfront, Sound, and Olympic mountains to the west, and up close downtown Seattle if you're looking east.) I take it a few times a day
 
  • Like
Reactions: MJ5150 and PWRL
Albert Einstein is often thought of as an archetype of the unworldly theoretical physicist, but in fact he was interested in and knowledgeable on a broad variety of topics far removed from his speciality. In 1930, along with fellow physicist Leo Szilard, he was granted U.S. Patent 1,781,541 for a refrigerator with no moving parts other than the refrigerant. At the time the patent was issued, Einstein and Szilard were residents of Berlin; both were soon to flee Germany when Hitler came to power. This document is a facsimile of the U.S. patent on the Einstein-Szilard refrigerator, filed on December 16, 1927, granted November 11, 1930, and licensed to the Electrolux Corporation.
And those refrigerators, with minor improvements, are still manufactured to this day.
 
They're far along in process of digging a newer & deeper tunnel under Seattle (ala Boston's 'Big Dig') using a ginormous boring machine called Bertha, to soon replace the aging Rt99 elevated viaduct into the old Battery St tunnel... which is practically guaranteed to come down during the next earthquake of any medium- large magnitude. Not if, but when... as we're overdue up here in the Ring Of Fire :nailbiting:

Anyway, I know there's been more than a few tv news casts and internet tours of the findings underneath, and if you want to 'TIL' about it further ... It may be of interest to you.

I haven't watched much of them, but i know they're out there and the major undertaking is fascinating stuff. Personally, I'm gonna miss the old 99 as it's scenic as all heck (view of the waterfront, Sound, and Olympic mountains to the west, and up close downtown Seattle if you're looking east.) I take it a few times a day
I'll keep an eye out for that stuff. Those kind of things do interest me, thanks.
 
  • Like
Reactions: catcauphonic
Personally, I'm gonna miss the old 99 as it's scenic as all heck (view of the waterfront, Sound, and Olympic mountains to the west, and up close downtown Seattle if you're looking east.) I take it a few times a day

Same here. When bringing visitors to Seattle, we always came into town on 99 (northbound) and watched their faces as all of that came into view.
To me, it sort of defined Seattle.
I guess now we can show them the Amazon globe things. :)

-Mike
 
The concept and use of a lighter came before a strikeable match

History of Lighters - How Lighter Was Made?

lighter-1-small.jpg

With the increased focus on creating self-igniting friction matches during 19th century, European scientists, engineers and chemist also focused much of their attention to developing lighters -portable devices that generate stable and consistent flame by combining flammable liquids of pressurized gasses with a spark. This early attempts marked the start of the new industry of devices that would soon become so advanced, easy to manufacture, easy to use and cheap that they will reach all four corners of the world, enabling us all to create fire from small reliable device.

First lighter was invented in 1823 with the effort of the famous German chemist Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner (1780 - 1849). His lamp which was soon named as “Döbereiner's lamp” marked the start of an era where fire could reliably be created in an instant. This device had simple design – zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid, creating flammable gas hydrogen that burst to flame when it meets sparks at the mouth of the container. Because the device was very large, hard to, use and highly dangerous, it never managed to gain large popularity and was produced only in limited quantities during its lifetime from 1823 to the end of 19th century.

Before modern day lighter could be made, many inventors spent years of their life developing various techniques of improving ordinary match. English chemist John Walker created first friction match in 1826, Hungarian chemistry student Janos Irinyi invented “Noisleless Match” in 1836, Frenchman Charles Sauria added dangerous white phosphor as main ingredient, and Gustaf Erik Pasch discovered “Safety Match” in 1844. However, the first significant innovation in lighter industry after Döbereiner's lamp came in 1880 with the patenting of patenting of ferrocerium by Carl Auer von Welsbach in 1903. This creation enabled the birth of modern small and portable lighters, and its small flint that could create tremendous amount of sparks played a crucial role in its popularization.

After creation of ferrocerium, many manufacturers around the world started creating their own lighter design using naphtha, gasoline and kerosene. One of the first popular models of lighters came from company Ronson, which started produced large quantities of their Pist-O-Liter (1910) and Wonderlite (1913). They both used naphtha as a fuel source. In 1932, famous company called “Zippo” was founded by George G. Blaisdell, and their legendary lighter immediately become instant success. By claiming to have unmatched reliability, life time warranty and “wind-proof” flames, this lighter remained infused itself into the popular culture of North America, where it remains highly popular even today.


lighter-old-1-small.jpg

The first truly “automatic” lighter came in 1926 form the Ronson Company. This model called “Banjo” enabled users to press button which will create flame, and release button which will extinguish the flame. By late 1920s, there were four main types of lighter in use – manual strikers, semi-automatic, automatic, and striker lighters.


In the 1950s, the main fuel source for lighters became butane. This enabled creation of really light and disposable lighters that quickly spread all around the world. Another modern innovation came in the form of piezoelectric spark, which replaced flint wheel.
 
The concept and use of a lighter came before a strikeable match

History of Lighters - How Lighter Was Made?

View attachment 2904816
With the increased focus on creating self-igniting friction matches during 19th century, European scientists, engineers and chemist also focused much of their attention to developing lighters -portable devices that generate stable and consistent flame by combining flammable liquids of pressurized gasses with a spark. This early attempts marked the start of the new industry of devices that would soon become so advanced, easy to manufacture, easy to use and cheap that they will reach all four corners of the world, enabling us all to create fire from small reliable device.

First lighter was invented in 1823 with the effort of the famous German chemist Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner (1780 - 1849). His lamp which was soon named as “Döbereiner's lamp” marked the start of an era where fire could reliably be created in an instant. This device had simple design – zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid, creating flammable gas hydrogen that burst to flame when it meets sparks at the mouth of the container. Because the device was very large, hard to, use and highly dangerous, it never managed to gain large popularity and was produced only in limited quantities during its lifetime from 1823 to the end of 19th century.

Before modern day lighter could be made, many inventors spent years of their life developing various techniques of improving ordinary match. English chemist John Walker created first friction match in 1826, Hungarian chemistry student Janos Irinyi invented “Noisleless Match” in 1836, Frenchman Charles Sauria added dangerous white phosphor as main ingredient, and Gustaf Erik Pasch discovered “Safety Match” in 1844. However, the first significant innovation in lighter industry after Döbereiner's lamp came in 1880 with the patenting of patenting of ferrocerium by Carl Auer von Welsbach in 1903. This creation enabled the birth of modern small and portable lighters, and its small flint that could create tremendous amount of sparks played a crucial role in its popularization.

After creation of ferrocerium, many manufacturers around the world started creating their own lighter design using naphtha, gasoline and kerosene. One of the first popular models of lighters came from company Ronson, which started produced large quantities of their Pist-O-Liter (1910) and Wonderlite (1913). They both used naphtha as a fuel source. In 1932, famous company called “Zippo” was founded by George G. Blaisdell, and their legendary lighter immediately become instant success. By claiming to have unmatched reliability, life time warranty and “wind-proof” flames, this lighter remained infused itself into the popular culture of North America, where it remains highly popular even today.


View attachment 2904817
The first truly “automatic” lighter came in 1926 form the Ronson Company. This model called “Banjo” enabled users to press button which will create flame, and release button which will extinguish the flame. By late 1920s, there were four main types of lighter in use – manual strikers, semi-automatic, automatic, and striker lighters.


In the 1950s, the main fuel source for lighters became butane. This enabled creation of really light and disposable lighters that quickly spread all around the world. Another modern innovation came in the form of piezoelectric spark, which replaced flint wheel.

That was some of the lighter reading I will do today.