I checked in at the shop and got some answers. All good questions here and I think that they lead to a better understanding of the preamp, which helps everyone to use it as effectively as possible.
The only difference between the onboard and pedal version of the preamp is the attenuator/volume knob.
Basically, think of a bass with an onboard preamp as having two parts: 1) a passive section that includes a passive volume, a passive pan pot (or pickup selector), and a passive tone and 2) the active circuit. So, you have the entire first part of the circuit, which is passive, which feeds into the active part of the circuit.
The onboard preamp has an actual passive volume pot that does make the volume louder--but it's not an active boost, it's just your regular volume pot that you'd have on any bass making it louder.
The preamp pedal does not include the passive volume and tone—those are already on your bass, so no need to duplicate them. What it has is the attenuator/volume knob, which comes before your active treble/bass circuit. The attenuator is the first place that your signal hits and then it goes into the circuit so that you don't end up overloading/distorting your amp if you have a hot signal due to active pickups or a preamp in your bass that you cannot bypass.
Feel free to ask any other questions. Happy to help people to understand how to get the most out of their preamps.