I do all the engineering work in CAD (Qcad, these days). That is, I do all the detail work, fitting all the hardware, making sure the strings are positioned correctly and have the right clearance and adjustment range, locating the pickups and controls, etc. The functional part of the design process.
While doing that, I draw out the perimeter shape and other curved shapes like internal chambers and control cavities, using the Polylines function in CAD. It establishes the curved shapes as a series of points with short straight line segments between them. It's quick and simple, and it makes sure that the curved shape fits correctly with the core stuff. I typically draw them with the points anywhere from 1/4" to an inch apart. Those Polylines get copied into other layers in the drawing, to become patterns and templates.
To make the patterns and templates, I print the Polylines out full size, with the important reference holes to locate them. I usually print them on heavy 28lb paper. I transfer the Polylines and reference hole locations to pieces of 3/4" MDF, sometimes using old-fashioned carbon paper under the paper printout. Other times I cut out the paper template and draw around it with a pencil. What is drawn on the MDF is the Polyline; points and segments.
I saw out the MDF and smooth it all out with spindle sanders and hand files. This is where I convert the Polyline into an actual curved line. I'm careful to meet all the points and make a smooth curved shape between them. The MDF pattern becomes the Master Pattern. It is the actual shape that all the instruments will be cut to. It's a full size physical thing that I can look at and feel with my hands, and verify that the shape is what I want.
In the computer, I leave the perimeter shape as a Polyline. It's not the actual curved line that's on the Master Pattern, but it's an accurate representation of all the critical points. Yeah, I could smooth the Polyline using a Polyline Smoothing function, or paste it into an Illustrator-type program and fit a Bezier curve to it. But that's only if I wanted to make the CAD drawing "pretty" to show to people. Generally not worth the extra time to me.
That's my design process: I use Qcad to establish all the important dimensions and locations. I use Polylines within Qcad to rough out all the curved shapes. Then I transfer the Polylines to hard MDF patterns, and do the final smoothing of the curved shapes with tools, on the MDF.