Never had to on a bass - but once on an old guitar that had no truss rod (OK - I was a kid) I hadda do it to even get the strings to be less like a lap-steel.
It worked, albeit kinda slowly over a week or so.
Come to think of it - a hydraulic press used GENTLY for a week might be a better way. Maybe.
Emphasis on 'gently'.
The way to do this, in reality, by those who
DO this:
Remove trussrod nut, lube threads, reinstall w/ washers if desired--usually a good idea--leave loose,
DO NOT TIGHTEN.
Shim between the nut & first fret, another shim at F15, piece of 2x4, level, aluminum stock, whatever. Shims should be at least 1/4" thick. Using 2-3 clamps spaced fairly evenly between F1-F15, clamp the neck into a backbow. I usually use 6" Quickclamps for this, unless I'm dealing with an extremely resistant neck, in which case I'll use C clamps, and cauls to fit the back of the neck. Do some serious clamping here, so that the neck is quite backbowed, visually.
Tighten the trussrod nut firmly, but don't overdo it; this is not a contest. If you have the time & inclination, leave this setup overnight. If, when you restring the bass, the neck has a backbow,
GOOD!--loosen the trussrod incrementally, with the strings at pitch, to get to where you want to go, relief-wise.
A tool that is a real boon, the Stewmac
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I take a reading of the relief at F7 strings on, then strings off, then loosened trussrod; this gives me a roadmap of where I want to get to, with each neck.
One of these days, I'll take a series of photos of this...