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What did you learn today?

Who was the first President of the United States?

I suspect George Washington was your first guess.

After all, who else comes to mind?

But think back to your history books - The United States declared its
independence in 1776, yet George Washington did not take Office until
April 30, 1789.

So who was running the country during these initial years of our young
country? It was the first eight U. S. Presidents. In fact, the first
President of the United States was one John Hanson. I can hear you now -
John who? John Hanson, was the first President of the United States.



John Hanson, first President of the United States.

Check Google for more detailed information. There was also a U.S. stamp
made in his honor.

The new country was actually formed on March 1, 1781 with the adoption
of The Articles of Confederation. This document was actually proposed on
June 11, 1776, but not agreed upon by Congress until November 15, 1777.
Maryland refused to sign this document until Virginia and New York ceded
their western lands (Maryland was afraid that these states would gain too
much power in the new government from such large amounts of land).

Once the signing took place in 1781, a President was needed to run the
country. John Hanson was chosen unanimously by Congress (which included
George Washington). In fact, all the other potential candidates refused
to run against him, as he was a major player in the revolution and an
extremely influential member of Congress.

As the first President, Hanson had quite the shoes to fill. No one had
ever been President and the role was poorly defined. His actions in
office would set precedent for all future Presidents. He took office
just as the Revolutionary War ended. Almost immediately, the troops
demanded to be paid. As would be expected after any long war, there were
no funds to meet the salaries. As a result, the soldiers threatened to
overthrow the new government and put Washington on the throne as a monarch.

All the members of Congress ran for their lives, leaving Hanson as the
only guy left running the government. He somehow managed to calm the
troops down and hold the country together. If he had failed, the
government would have fallen almost immediately and everyone would have
been bowing to King Washington.

Hanson, as President, ordered all foreign troops off American soil, as
well as the removal of all foreign flags. This was quite the feat,
considering the fact that so many European countries had a stake in the
United States since the days following Columbus.

Hanson established the Great Seal of the United States, which all
Presidents have since been required to use on all official documents.
President Hanson also established the first Treasury Department, the
first Secretary of War, and the first Foreign Affairs Department.

Lastly, he declared that the fourth Thursday of every November was to be
Thanksgiving Day, which is still true today.

The Articles of Confederation only allowed a President to serve a one
year term during any three year period, so Hanson actually accomplished
quite a bit in such little time. Seven other presidents were elected
after him:

1. John Hanson
2. Elias Boudinot (1782-83),
3. Thomas Mifflin (1783-84),
4. Richard Henry Lee (1784-85),
5. John Hancock (1785-86),
6. Nathan Gorman (1786-87),
7. Arthur St. Clair (1787-88), and
8. Cyrus Griffin (1788-89),
These eight men served as president... all prior to George Washington taking office.

So what happened? Why don't we hear about the first eight presidents?
It's quite simple - The Articles of Confederation didn't work well. The
individual states had too much power and nothing could be agreed upon. A
new doctrine needed to be written - something we know as the Constitution.


And that leads us to the end of our story.


George Washington definitely was not the first President of the United
States. He was the first President of the United States under the
Constitution we follow today.

And the first eight Presidents have been forgotten in history.

YOU HAVE TO BE A LOVER OF HISTORY TO APPRECIATE THIS!!

There you are - another lesson in U.S. History, and you may have learned
something new today.
 
Great reading.

“To identify which of the chemicals inside vaping liquids are of potential concern, the CDC tested the lung fluid of 29 people with vaping injuries (including two who had died) for a wide range of substances — including plant oil and petroleum distillates, such as mineral oil.

They found vitamin E acetate in all 29 samples.”


“The discovery follows similar findings from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which found vitamin E acetate in half of 419 THC-containing vape products used by vaping patients.

The substance, which is found in many foods and cosmetics, has been more recently used as a thickener or to dilute the THC in black market or counterfeit vaping products, Dr Schuchat said.“
 
Great reading.

“To identify which of the chemicals inside vaping liquids are of potential concern, the CDC tested the lung fluid of 29 people with vaping injuries (including two who had died) for a wide range of substances — including plant oil and petroleum distillates, such as mineral oil.

They found vitamin E acetate in all 29 samples.”


“The discovery follows similar findings from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which found vitamin E acetate in half of 419 THC-containing vape products used by vaping patients.

The substance, which is found in many foods and cosmetics, has been more recently used as a thickener or to dilute the THC in black market or counterfeit vaping products, Dr Schuchat said.“
Gon get me some jungle juice. Abstains'll all come out in the wash, for sure :wacky:
 
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“...small-group dynamics -- such as jury deliberations, collective bargaining sessions, and cocktail parties -- can alter the expression of IQ in some susceptible people.

"You may joke about how committee meetings make you feel brain dead, but our findings suggest that they may make you act brain dead as well.”
 
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“...small-group dynamics -- such as jury deliberations, collective bargaining sessions, and cocktail parties -- can alter the expression of IQ in some susceptible people.

"You may joke about how committee meetings make you feel brain dead, but our findings suggest that they may make you act brain dead as well.”
This hits home. Thanks again, Doc :)

Lots of exploring to do there. Coming to terms with IQ — Intelligence quotient - Wikipedia — should prove to be critically important. And then thinking about the reasons why this kind of circumstance materialises so readily in groups, and across a huge cross-section of species too (I'm guessing), should prove very useful indeed.

It makes sense if you consider the need, in nature, sometimes, for rapid responses. Sadly, there are times when debating endlessly will be rendered, by attrition, impossible — these days, because of many of our laws and statutes, those kinds of overt circumstances, in the macrocosm, now occur very rarely :) Why we sometimes drop the ball and automatically defer our decision-making potential to 'the executive,' despite plain evidence like this, must have a certain resonance, beyond the small group dynamic, and so may help describe better so many errors for addressing, right across the board.

"CHARGE!"​

… "So much of our society is organized around small-group interactions …" "Understanding how our brains respond to dynamic social interactions is an important area of … research. We need to remember that social dynamics affect not just educational and workplace environments, but also national and international policy-making bodies, such as the U.S. Congress and the United Nations." [Invalid or Expired Link Removed]
 
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Irony, I believe.