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Why does it seem so many players use 5th fret vs Open string?

Lazy? Play me that song in E using those open strings. Now play me the same line in F#. Now in Ab. Get it? Probably not.
That's exactly why I do use open strings. So I don't need to use the cumbersome fingerings I already need to employ in F# and Ab (this is assuming it's a complicated bassline that has advantages using open strings in E).
 
On a bass you're not just playing the fundamental tone, you're playing the harmonics of the note as well... This principle pushes upright players to avoid open strings where practical... But there are no rules.
Including the rule that you shouldn't disagree with a player that you really respect as regards to the heaviest available use of open strings on DB. :)
 
I'm fairly new to bass (and learning on my own with YouTube vids, books, asking questions)... I've got many years experience on woodwinds and keyboards but no experience with stringed instruments. I started out having a really tough time with muting and just couldn't imagine how you guys can keep the strings from ringing all the time. So I found it much easier to stay away from open notes so I could control the string better with my fretting hand. Then I started learning to mute with a floating thumb on my plucking hand. Then I started learning to pluck with two fingers and use the rest stroke. (there are still a bunch of muting techniques I have yet to learn - but I combine all the muting techniques I have to play as cleanly as I can)

Now at that point in my learning my fretting hand was only muting the one string I had just played - muting as I lifted off the string. So playing an open note was hard for me, I couldn't control it because I didn't have a fretting finger on that string. And it's still hard for me - but it is finally starting to come together where I can use my fretting hand to mute all the strings, not just the one I'm not fretting. So I am going back and relearning any songs that I used to play on the 5th fret and playing them with open notes and practicing controlling the strings and learning to play ghost notes on open strings just like I did on the 5th fret before. It's a little hard for me to get my brain around - but it is starting to feel more natural. And I can see the benefits (in some songs) to play them with open notes instead of how I was before - it's good to have options.
 
I use both open and 5th position notes. This last weekend, I was playing both at the same time, during certain passages on one tune for "overlap" - one note is still ringing when you hit the next one, so you have a more droning sound. I also sometimes play both just 'cause it gets you to "11" - it's one louder than one string at a time.
 
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I was taught to learn the different scales, triads, modes, and chord fingering and positions on the fret board using closed strings first, which gives you more options on the neck to play the same scale or riff. I use this more often than not instead of the open string. Which I use on occasions. This was more gear towards electric bass playing. When playing upright bass I used more open strings since it is a different animal to play :)
 
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I play 5 strings, and if you look at where the finish gets worn off my necks, I spend a lot of my time playing up starting at the 5th fret. (Of course many songs in open position too.) My primary reason for moving up is this allows me access to higher notes up on the G string without changing hand positions (for double-stops, etc) There is also a major tone difference, it's much darker sound for example fretting the E string at 5 rather than an open A. Some posters here hate on the Tone reason; I don't do this specifically for tone, but there is DEFINITELY a difference. With different nut material or a "zeroeth" fret, this can be reduced, but there will always be a difference because the string gauge and length are different. Most importantly, it's to your preference, and what works best for the song.
 
Keep learning new songs, you will get to know what is best played in a closed position and what is best played open. Teach yourself to play it both ways if you really want to get your bass brain working. I find that closed position is best for transposing to different keys while open is best for speed and economy of movement.

Something to note about Tony Iommi - he lost the tips of his middle and ring fingers on his fretting hand when he was 17 and that affected his technique a great deal. He made plastic thimbles for those fingers but he had trouble bending so he used the lightest gauge strings available. He probably played higher up the fretboard to get a thicker sound with the light strings. He also drop-tuned a lot to get a deeper tone and make the strings easier to bend.
 
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