That capacitor acts as a high-pass filter that is meant to help you retain treble when lowering the volume control (otherwise treble fequencies are more quickly rolled off than other frequencies, and rolling off the volume will tend to make the tone sound much darker as well as quiet)- it isn't necessary to the function of the Volume control. When you removed the preamp, what did you leave connected to the middle lug of the volume control? To wire it as in this diagram, but without the preamp, you should just have a single wire from the middle lug of the volume control to the hot output lug of the Output jack (the white wire in this diagram). This way the signal passes from the pickup selector-tone control-bass control-volume control-output jack. I am guessing you just didn't follow the path of the signal at the active/passive switch correctly when removing the preamp...