The point is that one cannot be completely scientific about it. That's just not practical. You only mentioned experience with a single bass to which multiple changes were made. In such a case, considering that experience alone, I said I don't understand how you can, logically, attribute an effect you hear to any single change. In fact, I don't believe you or anyone else can. Notice that your answer relies upon your experience with a larger sample! Now, with the benefit of a large sample someone with expertise and who is perceptive can, reasonably, assign an effect to a specific physical change-- just as a luthier does. That is, if you have amassed a large sample of exemplars over the years such that you can, in effect, average across them and deduce the effects attributable to the addition of carbon fiber, then you are reinforcing the point I made about large samples. So, please tell us about your large sample over the years.
As to subjective experience, I would not deny the perceptual effects you report. The question is which one or combination of physical changes-- all made simultaneously-- produced those effects. That is not a subjective question.
...and there you go. A large sample that includes many different basses. That's exactly the type of experience that allows for meaningful conclusions and exactly the type of experience to trust.