First, Hammond didn’t make their own tubes, neither did ANY amp or musical instrument manufacturer.
Second, you are grossly underestimating the fixed cost of manufacturing vacuum tubes. To set up a new production line for a tube family like the 12A_7 with materials handling, tooling, glass works OC test lab, production machinery, building and permits would run probably around $10M. This has to be amortized over the life of the production. MI demand for these tubes is simply not high enough to justify that kind of investment. This is in addition to the cost of materials, overhead and labor for manufacturing the tubes.
Older style tubes are an even worse business model, the demand is hundreds of times too low to justify manufacturing.
This is spot on.
And, I’ll go further. Vacuum tube production was one of the USA’s great economic platforms; and the history of its evolution is a lesson in macro economics. Here is the sequence, and a few of the takeaways:
1) R&D invents the technology. In this case, the triode tube, ca. 1905
Vacuum tube - Wikipedia
2) The technology gets used for certain boutique applications, but lacks infrastructure for scaled manufacturing.
3) An urgency arises - WWI, ca. 1917. The US Congress authorizes spending to build scale factories to produce wartime volume of radio tubes due to losses of merchant vessels at sea.
4) Radio becomes a common consumer item; ca. 1930’s. Key to cost is scale manufacturing from wartime infrastructure.
5) CRT’s are introduced as extension of the radio tube as the technology matures; television becomes a consumer item; ca 1950’s. This product extension has a cycle life from 1950’s until the introduction of the flat panel display; ca. 1990.
Here are the takeaways:
1) There is always a lag between invention of the idea and the establishment of infrastructure. Here we see about a 15 year gap. There are lots of ideas out there. But, the key step is the infrastructure; which includes factories, but also a critical mass of people familiar with the technology for the supply chain, engineering, and distribution.
2) For profit companies never build large scale infrastructure. That kind of investment does not pay back in 3 years. These large economic platforms requiring more than 10 years for payback are only built by the government in times of national urgency. The establishment of the critical infrastructure is the key step in enabling the technology.
3) We have only funded these kinds of investment cycles in times of war. It literally requires that kind of urgency to justify the impact on the Debt. Ironically, we have only paid the debt down in the years when the technology matures.
4) The ultimate expression of the technology is commonly achieved by For Profit companies innovating on the technology to create something new using the established infrastructure; in this case television CRT tubes vs radio tubes.
To some extent, it’s kind of like gardening, where it takes the government to come in to prepare the soils and plot of land, and the For Profit companies to come in and figure out what they can grow there.
There is a strikingly similar cycle one can trace for the semiconductor industry; where the product of the “Man on the Moon” Cold War urgency produced some fairly useless moon rocks and our entire semiconductor industry.
It seems unfortunate that we don’t seem to be able to recognize these dynamics. For Profit companies certainly play a key role. The government also plays a key role. Both are required.
Finally, it would be really nice, if we could figure out how to do this without having the urgency of war.
One can hope. There are lots of ideas out there.